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- | SEPTEMBER 1996 | + | ====== The Sydney Bushwalker ====== |
- | +sob | + | |
+ | ===== September, 1996 ===== | ||
- | In This Issue | + | The Sydney Bushwalker is a monthly bulletin of matters of interest |
- | |A Family Walk to Hinchinbrook|Christine Austin|2| | + | |
- | |Spring Comes to Coolana|Joan Rigby|4| | + | |
- | |It's Delicous Darl' | + | |
- | |Ettrema Entrances|Maurice Smith|5| | + | |
- | |About GPS Units|Geoff Mac|6-7| | + | |
- | |Notices||7| | + | |
- | |Come to Cairns|John Hogan|9| | + | |
- | |The August General Meeting|Barry Wallace|11| | + | |
- | |More General Notices||12| | + | |
- | |First Aid Notes|Patrick James|13| | + | |
- | THE SYDNEY BUS1018f.ALKER is a monthly bulletin of matters of interest to The Sydney Bush Walkers Inc Box 4476 Opo Sydney 2001. To advertise' | + | |Editor: |
- | + | |Business Manager: | |
- | |Editor: | + | |Production Manager: |
- | |Business Manager: | + | |Editorial Team: |
- | |Production Manager: | + | |Printers: |
- | |Editorial Team: | + | |Clubroom Reporter: |
- | |Printers: | + | |
- | |Clubroom Reporter: | + | |
THE SYDNEY BUSH WALKERS INCORPORATED was founded in 1927. Club meetings are held every Wednesday evening at 8 pm at Kirribilli Neighbourhood Centre, 16 Fitzroy Street, Kirribilli (near Milsons Point Railway Station). Visitors and prospective members are welcome any Wednesday. | THE SYDNEY BUSH WALKERS INCORPORATED was founded in 1927. Club meetings are held every Wednesday evening at 8 pm at Kirribilli Neighbourhood Centre, 16 Fitzroy Street, Kirribilli (near Milsons Point Railway Station). Visitors and prospective members are welcome any Wednesday. | ||
Line 34: | Line 22: | ||
|Social Secretary: | |Social Secretary: | ||
|Membership Secretary: | |Membership Secretary: | ||
- | |New Members Secretary: | + | |New Members Secretary: |
|Conservation Secretary: | |Conservation Secretary: | ||
|Magazine Editor: | |Magazine Editor: | ||
Line 40: | Line 28: | ||
|Delegates to Confederation: | |Delegates to Confederation: | ||
- | Advertisers | + | ^In This Issue^^Page^ |
- | |Willis Walkabouts|3| | + | |A Family Walk to Hinchinbrook|Christine Austin|2| |
- | |Alpsports|8| | + | |Spring Comes to Coolana|Joan Rigby|4| |
- | |Eastwood Camping Centre|10| | + | |It's Delicous Darl' |
- | |Paddy Palin|15| | + | |Ettrema Entrances|Maurice Smith|5| |
+ | |About GPS Units|Geoff Mac|6-7| | ||
+ | |Notices||7| | ||
+ | |Come to Cairns|John Hogan|9| | ||
+ | |The August General Meeting|Barry Wallace|11| | ||
+ | |More General Notices||12| | ||
+ | |First Aid Notes|Patrick James|13| | ||
+ | ^Advertisers^^^ | ||
+ | |Willis Walkabouts||3| | ||
+ | |Alpsports||8| | ||
+ | |Eastwood Camping Centre||10| | ||
+ | |Paddy Palin||15| | ||
+ | ===== A family walk to Hinchinbrook Island ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | by Christine Austin | ||
+ | |||
+ | As our boat snaked through the mangrove channels of missionary bay and the cloudless vista of Mt. Bowen appeared, my fears of bringing my innocent children to this island of ill repute began to fade. A short walk followed through the mangroves and sand dunes and we arrived at Ramsay Bay, to commence the Thorsborne Track, travelling north to south. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The other walking parties had vanished, but we remained on the beach, slapping on sunburn cream and admiring nearby Nina Peak with Mt. Bowen towering above us. Maybe its shield of cloud would return tomorrow and this would be our last glimpse.... | ||
+ | |||
+ | It was rather hot, a sharp change from Sydney in July, so our climb up Nina Peak was enervating. The stunning view north to Missionary Bay and Gould Island and south towards Zoe Bay made this climb memorable. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The alluring sight of coconuts littering the beach was enough to convince a pair of southern bred teenagers that here was the right place to spend the afternoon. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Night arrived, our first on Hinchinbrook Island. Of our two potential foes, described to us in vivid detail in the track notes, one, the rat, was temporarily foiled by a rat proof food box. We were to meet these friendly little creatures later. | ||
- | As ourboat snaked through the mangrove channels of missionary bay and the cloudless vista of'Mt. owen appeared, my fears of bringing my innocent children to this island of ill repute began to fade. A short walk - followed through the mangroves and sand dunes and we arrived at Ramsay Bay, to commence the Thorsbome Track, travelling north to south. | ||
- | The other walking parties had vanished, but we remained on the beach, slapping on sunburn cream and admiring nearby Nina Peak with Mt. goWen towering above us. Maybe its shield of cloud would return tomorrow and this would be our last glimpse | ||
- | It was rather hot, a sharp change from Sydney in July, so our climb up Nina Peak was enervating. The stunning view north to Missionary Bay and Gould Island and south towards Zoe 'Bay made this climb memorable. Directly below us beckoned our first camp site - Nina Bay, where we arrived an hour later. | ||
- | The alluring sight of coconuts littering the beach was enough to convince a pair of southern bred teenagers that here was the right place to spend the afternoon. However the smashing noises that followed made little difference to the coconuts.... It was easier to buy them from the shops. I preferred-to roam the beach and forest to examine all the unfamiliar | ||
- | species.. the Cardwell cabbage (Scaevola Taccacia) and the great spreading branches of the Calophillum inopyllrun. making | ||
- | welcome shade at the back of the beach. | ||
- | Night arrived, our first on Hinchinbrook Island. Of our two potential foes, described to us in vivid detail in the track notes, one, the rat, was temporarily foiled by a rat proof food box. We were to meet these friendly little. creatures later. | ||
"The mosquitoes are appalling on Hinchinbrook," | "The mosquitoes are appalling on Hinchinbrook," | ||
- | Morning arrived with a glorious sunrise seen from the tent door. Those terrible mosquitoes, where were they? Packing our gear to head to banksia | + | |
- | An easy morning followed around headlands and through forests to Banksia Bay, where the afternoon was again spent exploring. Alas, there was no rat proof box here. At dusk, though the mosquitoes were few, Melornys | + | Morning arrived with a glorious sunrise seen from the tent door. Those terrible mosquitoes, where were they? Packing our gear to head to Banksia |
- | Using a weird collection of yoghurt containers, lids, rope and fishing | + | |
- | wire, we left our architectural monstrosity swinging fiendishly from the trees and retired, | + | An easy morning followed around headlands and through forests to Banksia Bay, where the afternoon was again spent exploring. Alas, there was no rat proof box here. At dusk, though the mosquitoes were few, Melomys |
- | somewhat nervously, to bed. I was first up to discover cake crumbs carelessly spilling from a hole in Dane's pack. As we had followed the instructions exactly, we could only assume they were inadequate or that the Melomys was a great jumper. We settled for the latter. After all, he is a mosaic-tailed tree rat. | + | |
- | We left early this day for we had heard glowing reports of Zoe Bay and its waterfall and we wished to enjoy some swimming. After a short climb to a saddle, we descended to the extensive rainforest which abuts Zoe Bay. There were many beautiful tributaries of North Zoe Creek to cross and as we travelled through the forest, its colours so attractive and unfamiliar, we caught the - occasional " | + | Using a weird collection of yoghurt containers, lids, rope and fishing wire, we left our architectural monstrosity swinging fiendishly from the trees and retired, somewhat nervously, to bed. I was first up to discover cake crumbs carelessly spilling from a hole in Dane's pack. As we had followed the instructions exactly, we could only assume they were inadequate or that the Melomys was a great jumper. |
- | At morning tea, the estuarine crocodile warning sign at North Zoe Creek was strongly discouraging, | + | |
- | SEPTEMBER 1996 THE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER PAGE 3 | + | We left early this day for we had heard glowing reports of Zoe Bay and its waterfall and we wished to enjoy some swimming. |
- | .r. | + | |
- | enormous | + | At morning tea, the estuarine crocodile warning sign at North Zoe Creek was strongly discouraging, |
- | Settling down to our minimal impact camping area, we again mounted our rat fortifications. We would use an older, more decrepit pack this time. There were plenty of noises in the forest this night, but the rats left our pack alone. Maybe the rats found my hourly torch shining activities unsettling. Minimal impact though this camp was, there was nothing minimal about its beauty. The surrounding trees were festooned with orchids, birds nest and elkhom | + | |
- | Our last night was spent at Mulligan:Falls, another glorious swimming spot, although the water here, a-at Zoe, was cold. A | + | Settling down to our minimal impact camping area, we again mounted our rat fortifications. We would use an older, more decrepit pack this time. There were plenty of noises in the forest this night, but the rats left our pack alone. |
- | meeting with,* ranger revealed that we had experienced a cold snap, which explained the lack of mosquitoes. At Mulligan Falls our food was again secure in the rat proof box. We had no more concerns about finishing the walk early due to greedy rats, as had happened to some people. | + | |
- | As if to spite all predictions, | + | Our last night was spent at Mulligan Falls, another glorious swimming spot, although the water here, as at Zoe, was cold. A meeting with the ranger revealed that we had experienced a cold snap, which explained the lack of mosquitoes. At Mulligan Falls our food was again secure in the rat proof box. We had no more concerns about finishing the walk early due to greedy rats, as had happened to some people. |
- | 'I knew the place I'd prefer to be sleeping! | + | |
- | FACTS ABOUT THE THORSBORNE.TRACK | + | As if to spite all predictions, |
+ | |||
+ | **Facts about the Thorsborne Track** | ||
Named after two Hinchinbrook enthusiasts, | Named after two Hinchinbrook enthusiasts, | ||
- | njoy Kakadtj; | + | |
- | their lush, green, magnificent best. Feast your senses on the flowing creeks, swollen rivers, thundering waterfalls, carpets of flowers, | + | ===== Advertisement - Willis' |
- | such 'a delight | + | |
- | Join us on an 18-day | + | __Trek the Tropical Summer__ |
- | ition deep into the wild heart of the park and enjoy the incredible views of Jim Jim | + | |
+ | Enjoy Kakadu | ||
+ | |||
+ | Join us on an 18-day | ||
and Twin Falls at their monsoonal best. | and Twin Falls at their monsoonal best. | ||
+ | |||
If that sounds too strenuous, join us on a series of short 3-5 day walks, highlighting beautiful areas that will remain forever unknown to the average tourist. | If that sounds too strenuous, join us on a series of short 3-5 day walks, highlighting beautiful areas that will remain forever unknown to the average tourist. | ||
- | Be a part of our first wet season expedition to the Mitchell Plateau, two strenuous | + | |
- | If you don't want to carry two weeks' food, try our new Mt Hart lsdell River trip, two walks separated by a night in homestead accommodation. | + | Be a part of our first wet season expedition to the Mitchell Plateau, two strenuous |
- | Perhaps you'd like a variety of destinations. Our Green Kimberley trip lets you canoe the Ord, helicopter into and out of Keep River National Park,, fly to the Cockburn Range, take a boat across' | + | |
- | PAGE 4 | + | Perhaps you'd like a variety of destinations. Our Green Kimberley trip lets you canoe the Ord, helicopter into and out of Keep River National Park, fly to the Cockburn Range, take a boat across lake Argyle and walk through the almost unknown southern range of the Carr Boyds. |
- | THE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER | + | |
- | SEPTEMBER 1996 | + | ===== Spring has come to Coolana ===== |
- | The river flats are bright with wattle, the smoke from our fires catches the sun and the Tree Violets, one of the " | + | |
- | As we work we get glimpses of the river, running clear and full. It is wonderful how removal of much of the strangling Moth Vine has opened up our views. Paul and Laurie have cleared and are burning the big privets (poisoned last autumn by Robin and George) by the swimming hole, and the sandy beach looks inviting but only Laurie will chance the cold water. But come the Reunion it should be just right. | + | by Joan Rigby |
- | Don and I are burning bracken | + | |
- | Yes, though we have worked hard all winter, the spring and summer will need a sustained effort to maintain our advantage. Don and I spent 'the morning spraying hemlock and nettle regrowth and tomorrow I will tackle the Mist Flower, just beginning to show its pretty white blossOms | + | The river flats are bright with wattle, the smoke from our fires catches the sun and the Tree Violets, one of the " |
- | Of course the other weeds will regrow - but with the rubbish cleared we have a chance to reduce seeding | + | |
- | and slowly win the battle. Monthly programmed visits will continue and independent visits are welcome. Hemlock (the one that looks like a large carrot plant) can have flower heads broken off as they form; lunch fires can be lit on nettle patches (though I would be wary of camping under the wattles); | + | Don and I are burning bracken |
- | Thistles may be chipped out with the hoe and tools and spray made available for general attacks. A casual stroll, hand - pulling flowering weeds can be very effective. | + | |
- | Tools? Well, there are two bush saws, two rakes and a hoe in the Hut. Spray and sprayers are usually available on programmed work weekends; we don't LIKE using it, but necessity demands it. (information on areas sprayed will be found in the Hut log book.) | + | Yes, though we have worked hard all winter, the spring and summer will need a sustained effort to maintain our advantage. |
- | We would very much like to obtain old but working lawh mowers for the river flats - is anyone moving into a Home Unit or upgrading to a Ride-on? We need to consider buying rather than hiring a brush- cutter, and if anyone has in their garden shed an unwanted spray outfit which we can keep at | + | |
- | Coolana it would be most welcome-: currently we borrow George Gray' | + | Of course the other weeds will regrow - but with the rubbish cleared we have a chance to reduce seeding and slowly win the battle. Monthly programmed visits will continue and independent visits are welcome. |
- | We own a beautiful asset in Coolana, | + | |
- | 17 - 19 August: Don Brooks. | + | Tools? Well, there are two bush saws, two rakes and a hoe in the Hut. Spray and sprayers are usually available on programmed work weekends; we don't LIKE using it, but necessity demands it. (information on areas sprayed will be found in the Hut log book) |
- | Paul Crook; Laurie | + | |
- | -E` or something quick, cheap, | + | We would very much like to obtain old but working lawh mowers for the river flats - is anyone moving into a Home Unit or upgrading to a Ride-on? |
- | filling, lightweight, | + | |
- | This recipe didn't win the clubnight buihwalk | + | We own a beautiful asset in Coolana, |
- | 375g packet of red lentils,(costs around a dollar). Unlike brown lentils, these don't need soaking and cook fast to a mush. | + | |
- | Pre-mix one tablespoon each of 1) powdered cumin 2) powdered 3) Ayam satay seasoning (a great Malaysian canned powder,. in big supermarkets) 4) Vegeta. seasoning (a marvellous cheap Croatian product including dehydrated vegetables, distributed by Marco Polo Foods, Campsie) 5) cardamom seeds 6) dried parsley or basil 7) chopped fresh ginger 8) chopped fresh garlic. | + | 17 - 19 August: Don Brooks, Paul Crook, Laurie |
+ | |||
+ | ===== Delicious Dahl ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | by Elwin Morris | ||
+ | |||
+ | For something quick, cheap, filling, lightweight, | ||
+ | |||
+ | 375g packet of red lentils (costs around a dollar). Unlike brown lentils, these don't need soaking and cook fast to a mush. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pre-mix one tablespoon each of 1) powdered cumin 2) powdered 3) Ayam satay seasoning (a great Malaysian canned powder, in big supermarkets) 4) Vegeta seasoning (a marvellous cheap Croatian product including dehydrated vegetables, distributed by Marco Polo Foods, Campsie) 5) cardamom seeds 6) dried parsley or basil 7) chopped fresh ginger 8) chopped fresh garlic. | ||
Add three times as much water; simmer for 20 to 30 minutes; stir to stop bottom burning; add more water if needed. | Add three times as much water; simmer for 20 to 30 minutes; stir to stop bottom burning; add more water if needed. | ||
- | EATING IT:- Serve with rice or any other carbohydrate, | + | |
- | This amount fills two starving walkers, it's tasty, yet has no fat whatsoever - a rare combination! Those not watching their weight or cholesterol can add oil to help spreading on bread, mix in fried extras like onions, or roll into balls and fry like felafel, with an optional sauce. | + | EATING IT - Serve with rice or any other carbohydrate, |
- | SEPTEMBER 1996 THE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER PAGE 05 | + | |
+ | This amount fills two starving walkers, it's tasty, yet has no fat whatsoever - a rare combination! Those not watching their weight or cholesterol can add oil to help spreading on bread, mix in fried extras like onions, or roll into balls and fry like felafel, with an optional sauce. | ||
=====Ettrema entrances===== | =====Ettrema entrances===== | ||
Line 119: | Line 143: | ||
I wade in and find out how cold the water is in July. Bracing, biting, bitter, brisk, brass monkeyish, all come to my mind to describe the water. Half of the group do it my way, the other half show their mountain goat heritage finding a tricky up and down climb to avoid the water. | I wade in and find out how cold the water is in July. Bracing, biting, bitter, brisk, brass monkeyish, all come to my mind to describe the water. Half of the group do it my way, the other half show their mountain goat heritage finding a tricky up and down climb to avoid the water. | ||
- | On the Morning | + | On the morning |
- | At lunch time on the Creek one of our party made a brief foray into the water for a swim. Refreshing was the description supplied by the swimmer. | + | At lunch time on the Creek one of our party made a brief foray into the water for a swim. Refreshing was the description supplied by the swimmer. After dipping hands into the water various other members muttered words like " |
- | pools. In due course we found, a superb campsite on a sandy bank of the creek. | + | pools. In due course we found a superb campsite on a sandy bank of the creek. |
- | The usual camp fire discussions solve, the problems of the world. One of the party was heard making snoring type noises as he lay on the ground near the fire. However, a few minutes later he assured me that he was wide awake. I had my doubts shortly after when I heard the same noise from the same member. | + | The usual camp fire discussions solve the problems of the world. One of the party was heard making snoring type noises as he lay on the ground near the fire. However, a few minutes later he assured me that he was wide awake. I had my doubts shortly after when I heard the same noise from the same member. |
- | Up and away. from the camp site the next moming saw us arrive at the Ettrema and Jones Creek junction referred to above. As we approached that junction we met another party of about eight bushwalkers heading in the opposite direction. They had spent the night at the campsite at the junction. | + | Up and away from the camp site the next moming saw us arrive at the Ettrema and Jones Creek junction referred to above. As we approached that junction we met another party of about eight bushwalkers heading in the opposite direction. They had spent the night at the campsite at the junction. |
Those readers who have been there may remember that the junction campsite is quite small. When we saw their campsite I was quite disappointed with their standard of bushcraft. A campfire had been left smouldering and it had been placed in one of the few good tent sites. We quickly smothered the fire and went on our way. | Those readers who have been there may remember that the junction campsite is quite small. When we saw their campsite I was quite disappointed with their standard of bushcraft. A campfire had been left smouldering and it had been placed in one of the few good tent sites. We quickly smothered the fire and went on our way. | ||
- | Shortly after the wade / climb we came to one of most beautiful pools on the creek. Another hardy member had a very quick swim. After assuring us that he was used to swimming in very cold water we continued on our way up to the junction of Ettrema and Myall Creeks. The day was one of those superb sunny winter' | + | Shortly after the wade/climb we came to one of most beautiful pools on the creek. Another hardy member had a very quick swim. After assuring us that he was used to swimming in very cold water we continued on our way up to the junction of Ettrema and Myall Creeks. The day was one of those superb sunny winter' |
- | In due course we arrived back at the cars and so to home ending a great weekend. Thanks to all the group members who were: Margaret Carey, Steve Graham, Stephen Lilloija, Michele Morgan, John Nagy, Jan Pieters, David Sheppard and Maurice Smith (leader) | + | |
- | . El | + | In due course we arrived back at the cars and so to home ending a great weekend. Thanks to all the group members who were: Margaret Carey, Steve Graham, Stephen Lilloija, Michele Morgan, John Nagy, Jan Pieters, David Sheppard and Maurice Smith (leader). |
- | ceoff Spencer, District, Manager | + | |
- | Tlist hereunder a number of | + | ===== Coolana - Noxious weeds and other ' |
- | sPeCieS.:which the service believes are invasive and several of them are probably a significant threat to natural areas especially rainforest. One species Coriopsis Lanceolata (yellow roadside daisy) is spreading at an extraordinary rate along dry roadsides and disturbed areas particularly on lateritic soils. However whether the plants would be accepted as " | + | |
- | Roadside daisy - | + | by Geoff Spencer, District Manager, Nowra NPWS |
- | Coreopsis lanceolata Potato vine - | + | |
- | Andredera cordifolia Lantana - | + | I list hereunder a number of species |
- | Lantana camara | + | |
- | Turkey Rhubarb - | + | Roadside daisy - Coreopsis lanceolata\\ Potato vine - Andredera cordifolia\\ Lantana - Lantana camara\\ Turkey Rhubarb - Acetosa sagitata\\ Wandering Jew - Tradescantia spp\\ Moth Vine - Araugia hortorum\\ Morning Glory - |
- | Acetosa sagitata Wandering Jew | + | Ipomoia indica\\ Asparagus Fern - Protosparagus plumosus\\ Black Eyed Susan - Thunbergia alata\\ Passionfruit |
- | Tradescantia spp | + | |
- | Moth Vine | + | |
- | Araugia hortorum Morning Glory | + | |
- | Ipomoia indica Asparagus Fern, | + | |
- | Protosparagus plumosus Black Eyed Susan | + | |
- | Thunbergia alata Passionfruit | + | |
Passaflora spp | Passaflora spp | ||
- | PAGE 6 THE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER SEPTEMBER 1996 | + | |
- | Bill Metzenthen Melbourne | + | ===== GPS Units ===== |
- | My name was mentioned in the May news in connection with GPS (Global Positioning System) units. I have gathered some information on these devices which I think will be of interest to members | + | |
- | The units operate by receiving radio wave signals from satellites. The frequencies used are such that they are significantly affected by moisture. Some units are not useable in forests due to the attenuation of the signals by moisture in the leaves. It may be necessary to find a 'clearing in order to get a positive reading. Similarly, rain Or falling snow can effect the ability of the units to operate correctly. | + | by Bill Metzenthen, Melbourne |
- | Other objects may attenuate, reflect or otherwise impair the signals. | + | |
- | position reading if you are in a valley, gully, hut or similar situation.. | + | My name was mentioned in the May news in connection with GPS (Global Positioning System) units. I have gathered some information on these devices which I think will be of interest to members |
- | The current practical accuracy of GPS for bushwalking under good conditions is about 100 'metres horizontally, | + | |
- | system which is roughly similar to GPS). You can buy receivers for these systems but they are much more expensive and/or currently impractical for our bushwalking use. For various reasons this will probably remain the case for the next couple of years. | + | The units operate by receiving radio wave signals from satellites. The frequencies used are such that they are significantly affected by moisture. Some units are not useable in forests due to the attenuation of the signals by moisture in the leaves. It may be necessary to find a clearing in order to get a positive reading. Similarly, rain or falling snow can effect the ability of the units to operate correctly. |
- | To give you position, the GPS needs to gather information from several satellites (at least three to give a position without height | + | |
- | information). Better accuracy is obtained if more satellites are used (under ideal conditions more than 12 are possible, but 5 or 6 are probably more typical in good locations). Most of the cheaper GPS units process the signals one satellite at a time. Some units are capable of processing several signals simultaneously. The advantage of this approach is that it enables the unit to give good results on poorer signals. For the bushwalker, this means that these units are much more likely to be useable in forests, valleys, etc. | + | Other objects may attenuate, reflect or otherwise impair the signals. |
+ | |||
+ | The current practical accuracy of GPS for bushwalking under good conditions is about 100 metres horizontally, | ||
+ | |||
+ | To give you position, the GPS needs to gather information from several satellites (at least three to give a position without height information). Better accuracy is obtained if more satellites are used (under ideal conditions more than 12 are possible, but 5 or 6 are probably more typical in good locations). Most of the cheaper GPS units process the signals one satellite at a time. Some units are capable of processing several signals simultaneously. The advantage of this approach is that it enables the unit to give good results on poorer signals. For the bushwalker, this means that these units are much more likely to be useable in forests, valleys, etc. | ||
GPS units get data from the satellites at a low data rate (50 bits per second). It normally takes 12.5 minutes for a satellite to transmit its whole message. To avoid having to wait this time, GPS units store information even when they are turned off. This way, it can take as little as 15 seconds or so for a GPS unit to give you a reading when you turn it on. It will take longer, perhaps several minutes, if the information it contains is not sufficiently accurate or is stale. | GPS units get data from the satellites at a low data rate (50 bits per second). It normally takes 12.5 minutes for a satellite to transmit its whole message. To avoid having to wait this time, GPS units store information even when they are turned off. This way, it can take as little as 15 seconds or so for a GPS unit to give you a reading when you turn it on. It will take longer, perhaps several minutes, if the information it contains is not sufficiently accurate or is stale. | ||
+ | |||
You can leave the GPS unit switched on and get a continuous reading of your position as you walk along. However, a new set of batteries will be drained in less than 10 hours (perhaps as little as 2 hours by some GPS units when used this way. | You can leave the GPS unit switched on and get a continuous reading of your position as you walk along. However, a new set of batteries will be drained in less than 10 hours (perhaps as little as 2 hours by some GPS units when used this way. | ||
- | The GPS unit keeps very accurate time, which can be used by the UPS receiver to give you a very accurate clock. However this information may not be accurately displayed while the GPS unit is performing position calculations. | + | |
+ | The GPS unit keeps very accurate time, which can be used by the UPS receiver to give you a very accurate clock. However, this information may not be accurately displayed while the GPS unit is performing position calculations. | ||
The price of GPS units is becoming more attractive. It is claimed that it is currently possible to buy a small | The price of GPS units is becoming more attractive. It is claimed that it is currently possible to buy a small | ||
hand held unit (250 g with batteries) for $250 Australian. | hand held unit (250 g with batteries) for $250 Australian. | ||
- | The usefulness of GPS units in Australian | + | |
- | If you want to use a GPS unit as a navigational aid when bushwallcing | + | The usefulness of GPS units in Australian |
- | 1. The earth is not spherical. The mapping authorities model the earth with an object called a spheroid. Different spheroids are used for different regions of the earth. The spheroid, in combination with other information gives a datum which is used when making maps. a consequence is that the latitude and longitude of a given place depends upon which datum is used. In Australia the maps we use for bushwalking are based on the Australian Geodetic Datum 1996 (AGD66) or the later version (AGD84). | + | |
- | 2. With the datum, you get to latitude and longitude. For bushwallcing | + | If you want to use a GPS unit as a navigational aid when bushwalking |
- | If you purchase a GPS unit you should make sure that it supports either A0D66 or AGD84 datum (the difference between these wont matter to you, look for the words Australian, datum and 1966 or 1984). If your unit doesn' | + | |
- | SEPTEMBER 1996 THE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER. PAGE 7 | + | 1. The earth is not spherical. The mapping authorities model the earth with an object called a spheroid. Different spheroids are used for different regions of the earth. The spheroid, in combination with other information gives a datum which is used when making maps. A consequence is that the latitude and longitude of a given place depends upon which datum is used. In Australia the maps we use for bushwalking are based on the Australian Geodetic Datum 1996 (AGD66) or the later version (AGD84). |
- | used internationally by the GPS systems, but your position readings (latitude, longitude and grid -coordinates) will have an additional | + | |
- | -abOirt," | + | 2. With the datum, you get to latitude and longitude. For bushwalking |
- | liiiih | + | |
- | will Want the unit to be able to give' | + | If you purchase a GPS unit you should make sure that it supports either A0D66 or AGD84 datum (the difference between these wont matter to you, look for the words Australian, datum and 1966 or 1984). If your unit doesn' |
- | . | + | In addition |
- | you Australian map grid coordinates but the manual for your GPS unit probably wont mention the Australian map grid, however it will hopefully mention UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) which is the projecti6ii | + | |
- | Once you have purchased your GPS unit and set it up, you can probably safely forget all of this, at least for the next few years (however; see below.). | + | Once you have purchased your GPS unit and set it up, you can probably safely forget all of this, at least for the next few years (however, see below). |
- | Australia is currently shifting to a new mapping datum called GDA94. On the good side, this is for our purposes identical to the WGS84 now will be able to give horizontal position with the new datum. On the bad side, the new datum gives positions which differ horizontally from the old by about 200 metres (a different datum is used for height). | + | |
- | There you have it. GPS Units are available, at prices which aren't outrageous. They are potentially useful as a bushwalking aid to navigation, but not as a substilute | + | Australia is currently shifting to a new mapping datum called GDA94. On the good side, this is for our purposes identical to the WGS84 now will be able to give horizontal position with the new datum. |
- | - | + | |
- | (because it can process several signals simultaneously) lacks the UTM transformation and hence is difficult to use with maps. | + | There you have it. GPS Units are available, at prices which aren't outrageous. They are potentially useful as a bushwalking aid to navigation, but not as a substitute |
- | On a related topic,: AUSLIGhas | + | |
- | elevation detail to speak of at finer scales ie contours, mountains, etc" and is therefor | + | On a related topic, |
- | From the June 1996 issueof | + | |
- | Internet Access | + | From the June 1996 issue of the Melbourne |
- | You can now submit articles for the magazine via the intemet | + | |
- | "address terry*sydney net | + | ===== Internet Access |
- | Supply text in either Winword6 or ascii format please. Upload graphics as WMF. No tabs. Two spaces between sentences. One line of space between paragraphs. No hard returns at line endings, just let the lines wrap. A full pake takes about 650 words. | + | |
- | Our printing machine has | + | You can now submit articles for the magazine via the intenet |
- | limitations for. reproducing pictures. Best results are obtained from black and white photographs sketches and drawings. | + | |
- | Apology | + | Supply text in either Winword6 or ascii format please. Upload graphics as WMF. No tabs. Two spaces between sentences. One line of space between paragraphs. No hard returns at line endings, just let the lines wrap. A full page takes about 650 words. |
- | For some strange reason I changed Dennis Morgan' | + | |
- | MMI!OPIM | + | Our printing machine has limitations for reproducing pictures. Best results are obtained from black and white photographs sketches and drawings. |
- | The October Magazine | + | |
- | Will be edited and prepared by Peter Miler (well he did such a good job with the August issue and | + | ===== Apology |
- | foUnd, | + | |
- | your support-and get your copy to him early. By Tuesday October 1. | + | by Peter Miller |
- | Magazine Input | + | |
+ | For some strange reason I changed Dennis Morgan' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== The October Magazine | ||
+ | |||
+ | Will be edited and prepared by Peter Miller | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Magazine Input ===== | ||
There is never enough copy for the magazine. Input need not be limited to trip stories. There is an almost inexhaustible number of subjects to choose from. | There is never enough copy for the magazine. Input need not be limited to trip stories. There is an almost inexhaustible number of subjects to choose from. | ||
- | Some examples: | + | |
- | Abseiling, Bums, Camperaft, Danger, Equipment, Fires, Group food/ | + | Some examples: Abseiling, Bums, Campcraft, Danger, Equipment, Fires, Group food/ |
I'm sure you can think of any number of subjects under every letter of the alphabet. | I'm sure you can think of any number of subjects under every letter of the alphabet. | ||
+ | |||
Why not make a start now. Thanks. Ed | Why not make a start now. Thanks. Ed | ||
- | From Peter Dyce | + | |
- | I think that the August copy of the magazine was very good. | + | ===== From Peter Dyce ===== |
- | As far as the cover is concerned, an option is to use the old cover a number of times per year and | + | |
- | various appropriate scenes at other times. This would be a compromise which would please both the traditionalists and those wishing for a change. | + | I think that the August copy of the magazine was very good. As far as the cover is concerned, an option is to use the old cover a number of times per year and various appropriate scenes at other times. This would be a compromise which would please both the traditionalists and those wishing for a change. |
- | Peter Dyce. | + | |
- | macpac SCAkr4iPiat, | + | Advertisement |
- | sW,1,LD ERN E SS | + | |
- | NI-TEC | + | ===== Come to Cairns ===== |
- | liVilueWater | + | |
- | FT.1 | + | by John Hogan |
- | Ka.2 | + | |
- | TATO N KA | + | Greetings |
- | EN berghaus ONE PLANET | + | |
- | AC/7U: | + | As many of you know my reason for coming to Cairns is to gain experience as a tour guide and this I am certainly doing. My initiation has been pretty torrid, almost daunting but at the same time very rewarding. I am currently working for only one company, "The Adventure |
- | ARCTERYX | + | |
- | Euiekanitnt | + | The Adventure Company runs sea kayak trips off the coast to some beautiful coral islands, canoe trips down the Mulgrave River, mountain |
- | The StormShleld | + | fire. I get fed so well all the time that it's a wonder I haven' |
- | --We specialise in the latest light weight gear for, your outdoor adventures. Whether you require Tents, Backpacks, Sleeping bags, Rainwear, Stoves, Abseiling gear or Accessories, | + | |
- | We offer you personalised knowledgeable service | + | Cairns is a growing city, there is building work going on everywhere. I understand |
- | Advice is only a phone call away. | + | Company" |
- | COUNTRY SKIERS | + | |
- | We stock the latest range of skis, boots, bindings & poles for backcountry and telernark skiing. | + | Some go on and do a three or seven days sea kayak trip off the coast. |
- | | + | |
- | NOW AVAILABLE | + | A little farther |
- | A Macpac Tents Backpacks Sleeping bags A Rainwear A Trangia ' | + | |
- | Special prices for club members. Week or weekend rates. | + | And of course there is the reef - despite the thousands who make the pilgrimage out there every day it is still a magic place. From here one can see the very best of it. |
- | DISCOUNT FOR_CLUB MEMBERS | + | |
- | H3 ALPINEAIRE | + | Finally the big temptation is to go north up The Cape to "The Tip". I am currently looking for an opportunity to do just that so if you are interested please let me know and I'm sure I can work something |
- | KONG NALGENE | + | |
- | TRAIL MAG-L1TE PRODUCTS | + | |
- | IV/ | + | |
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- | SIGS' | + | |
- | niciERm A REST | + | |
- | SINGLE ROPE TECHNIQUE | + | |
- | EQUIPMENT | + | |
- | POR troll | + | |
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- | AUSTRALIAWfLD S7L/FF | + | |
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- | MEMINIMINIIIIIIIIMINOr ' | + | |
- | mramsmaiumr NemiNimpreinimmingin --,,ar ' | + | |
- | OSIBMINNIMMMMENW MilininiMW. NOIMMOW MM.:OM= Milir- Opp,. _ | + | |
- | F ' | + | |
- | Nmeessmetw Nairmamiest | + | |
- | LTD | + | |
- | yTmew... --- I DiTs | + | |
- | _ | + | |
- | ---Al PT | + | |
- | 1045 VICTOR/A RD, WEST RYDE | + | |
- | vOyt. 'One Stop' AdifOnt(ir0Sho | + | |
- | NSW 2114. PH: (02) 858 5844 | + | |
- | SEPTEMBER 1996 | + | |
- | THE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER | + | |
- | bJoBegan | + | |
- | GGreetings | + | |
- | Asmanyofyouknowiiy | + | |
- | The Adventure Company runs sea kayak trips off the coast to some beautiful coral islands, canoe trips down the Mulgrave River, mountain | + | |
- | Hotel at Yungaburra we are usually | + | |
- | ..;. | + | |
- | greeted by a very welcoming open | + | |
- | fire. I get fed so well all the time that it's a wonder I haven' | + | |
- | Cairns is growing city, there is building work going on everywhere. I underSttind | + | |
- | many of them from overseas, and most of them on a whirlwind visit. For instance many of those who come through "The Adventure | + | |
- | Company" | + | |
- | Tablelands for two days of mountain bike cycling. Next they spend two days trekking (as it is known,Loii,h00) in the rainforest | + | |
- | Some go on and do a three or seven days sea kayak trip off the coast. | + | |
- | The seven day run takes them from Cape Tribulation to Cooktown, a distance of about 100 km. You just make sure you stay well out to sea near the river estuaries to avoid any " | + | |
- | There is so much to see and do here that it is a shame so many people have such constraints on their time. The World Heritage rain forests with their variety of plants, birds and animals are always a delight. We have giant strangler figs estimated to be over 450 years old which formcathedrals | + | |
- | A little farther | + | |
- | famous Hinchinbrook Island, a very popular walking venue for a | + | |
- | number of S.B.W. members. (have a look before Keith Williams puts his blot on it). West of Cairns are The Tablelands with their spectacular waterfalls, Crater Lakes and crisp fresh air. Farther west is the old mining town of Chilla goe featuring rugged | + | |
- | limestone outcrops and magnificent caves. | + | |
- | And of course there is the reef - despite the thousands who make the pilgrimage out there every day kis still a magic place. From here One can see the very best of it. | + | |
- | Finally the big temptation is to go north up The Cape to "The Tip". I ani currently looking for an opportunity to do just that so if you are interested please let Me know and I'm sure I can vki.!ark Something | + | |
As you may have guessed I am missing you guys a whole lot so if you feel like coming up for a visit you will be very welcome. Let me know before you book anything as I can arrange some excellent deals from this end (except airfares). | As you may have guessed I am missing you guys a whole lot so if you feel like coming up for a visit you will be very welcome. Let me know before you book anything as I can arrange some excellent deals from this end (except airfares). | ||
- | My address in Cairns is: | ||
- | 286 Gatton Street, Westcourt 4870. My phone number is 015 066 870. | ||
- | Good walking; John Hogan. | ||
- | P. LLINE_ ik c | + | My address in Cairns is: 286 Gatton Street, Westcourt 4870. My phone number is 015 066 870. |
- | 1 rit lp.J. | + | |
- | Air-, 1.71/11 | + | |
- | A fIll 4 0 | + | |
- | - | + | |
- | NIOMT | + | |
- | the fun of browsing through | + | |
- | mountains of outdoor equipment. | + | |
- | ; | + | |
- | boicap EfiBlueWater | + | Good walking. |
- | 11.111011111111 | + | |
- | 11110111.0 | + | ===== The August 1996 General Meeting ===== |
- | /14.00 | + | |
- | Be assisted | + | by Barry Wallace |
- | SCARP' | + | |
- | AtntNik. | + | The president called the 18 or so members present to order and began the meeting at around 2008. There was a complete dearth of apologies, most unusual! New members Nick Bertsos, Yvonne Brading, Aiison Clegg, Christine O'Sullivan and Nigel Palmer were welcomed into membership with constitution, |
- | macpac | + | |
- | - | + | |
- | NE SPORT SANDAL. | + | |
- | e | + | |
- | eVo tLDERNESS | + | |
- | D.13. Si, | + | |
- | ' | + | |
- | !...01: | + | |
- | , | + | |
- | SOURCE | + | |
- | ' | + | |
- | ;M 11) N.1 %Is | ||
- | 11", -naffet1-1" | ||
- | .ILIKICANIIIMIME4 ;I, | ||
- | ,rolemano | ||
- | THERM-A-REST | ||
- | 5: | ||
- | 9 (III 5: | ||
- | 9 00 5 : 3()Pui_ 9M0'w - 9: | ||
- | 9: | ||
- | - I t' | ||
- | Newtair | ||
- | trangia | ||
- | filfEC Mee Vents.NCIamw | ||
- | 3 Trelawney Street | ||
- | Eastwood NSW 2122 | ||
- | Telephone (02) 858 3833 | ||
- | eastvvood | ||
- | camping | ||
- | centre | ||
- | ou to enjoy the Australian and World crivironnient. | ||
- | SEPTEMBER 11996 THE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER PAGE 11 | ||
- | The president called the 18 or so | ||
- | members present to order and began the meeting at around 2008. There waS a complete dearth of apologies; Most unusual! New members Nick Bertsos, Yvonne Brading, | ||
The minutes of the July general meeting were read and received with no matters arising. | The minutes of the July general meeting were read and received with no matters arising. | ||
- | Correspondence for the month was comprised of a letter from Robert Pallin advising | + | |
- | The treasurer indicated the following details for the month. We began with a balance of $13,147, | + | Correspondence for the month was comprised of a letter from Robert Pallin advising |
- | received income of $881.00, spent $526.00 and closed with a balance of $13, | + | |
- | The walks report began at the weekend of 13, 14. July with no details for Kenn Clacher' | + | The treasurer indicated the following details for the month. We began with a balance of $13,147, received income of $881.00, spent $526.00 and closed with a balance of $13,502.00. |
+ | |||
+ | The walks report began at the weekend of 13,14 July with no details for Kenn Clacher' | ||
Paul McCann' | Paul McCann' | ||
- | Ian Debert' | + | |
- | commencement of the meeting. Alas, the moving finger has writ.) Greg Bridge led 18 on his Lockleys Pylon, Fortress Hill walk.. There were strong, cold winds most of the day and one of the features of walking ridges is the degree of unimpeded enjoyment of such winds that is to be had. Nancye Alderson had 17 on her Linden to Hazelbrook Saturday walk. They also reported the cool wind along the ridges and thought they detected traces of sleet. Laurie Bore was farther north in milder temperatures on a fine sunny Sunday.. The party of 16 still encountered strong winds all day but reported a good walk with some problems getting all the starters to the same finishing point at the same time. We are assured they all got together before darkness fell. Geoff Dowsett' | + | Ian Debert' |
- | July 26, 27, 28 saw Jan Mohandas with a party of 17 on his Talaterang Mountain walk with rain late on the Saturday and then dense fog to enhance the views. The lack of view stops saw the party out at the cars by 1600. Bill Capon' | + | |
- | PAGE 12 THE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER SEPTEMBER 1996 | + | Greg Bridge led 18 on his Lockleys Pylon, Fortress Hill walk. There were strong, cold winds most of the day and one of the features of walking ridges is the degree of unimpeded enjoyment of such winds that is to be had. Nancye Alderson had 17 on her Linden to Hazelbrook Saturday walk. They also reported the cool wind along the ridges and thought they detected traces of sleet. Laurie Bore was farther north in milder temperatures on a fine sunny Sunday. The party of 16 still encountered strong winds all day but reported a good walk with some problems getting all the starters to the same finishing point at the same time. We are assured they all got together before darkness fell. Geoff Dowsett' |
- | to train problems and Wilf cancelled his bicycle ride from Parrarnatta to Tempe. | + | |
- | Pail] McCann postponed his walk in Wollerni | + | July 26,27,28 saw Jan Mohandas with a party of 17 on his Talaterang Mountain walk with rain late on the Saturday and then dense fog to enhance the views. The lack of view stops saw the party out at the cars by 1600. Bill Capon' |
- | deferred dates. Greta James led 13 on her weekend trip in Megalong | + | |
- | Valley in fine but windy conditions. Jim Calloway' | + | Paul McCann postponed his walk in Wollemi |
- | The weekend of 9, 10, 11 August saw Maurice Smith leading a party of 8 on his kend trip in the Ettrema. Of the day walks, Sandy Johnson had 12 on his Ku-Ring-Gai Chase walk on the Saturday, Don Brooks described the day as glorious for the party of 10 on his Six Foot Track walk, Eddy described the Sunday as lovely for the 9 on his Evans Lookout to Perrys | + | |
- | Conservation report included discussion of a letter received | + | The weekend of 9,10,11 August saw Maurice Smith leading a party of 8 on his weekend |
- | pointing out the extensive pig damage becoming apparent along the Kowrnung | + | |
- | Confederation report concerned notice of their coming AGM and the proposed review of the constitution. A letter has been sent to Tasmania | + | Conservation report included discussion of a letter received pointing out the extensive pig damage becoming apparent along the Kowmung |
- | There was no general business so the meeting proceeded to the announcements and closed at | + | |
- | 2133.M | + | Confederation report concerned notice of their coming AGM and the proposed review of the constitution. A letter has been sent to Tasmania |
- | Some Enchanted | + | |
- | Evening | + | There was no general business so the meeting proceeded to the announcements and closed at 2133. |
- | Thursday October 17 | + | |
- | The best of | + | ===== Notices ===== |
- | Rogers and Hammerstein | + | |
- | Join us to experience the Mosman Musical Society' | + | === Some Enchanted Evening |
- | ****************** | + | |
- | PLAN AHEAD | + | The best of Rogers and Hammerstein. |
- | November 27 | + | |
- | Calling all talented members. | + | === Plan Ahead - November 27 === |
- | Make sure you plan to be part of this years SBW concert and contact Jan Roberts, so we can put you on the program to 'strut your stuff' | + | |
- | Abseiling Training | + | Calling all talented members. |
- | There are two separate but complimentary abseiling activities listed in the Spring program.. One in October and one in November. | + | |
- | The abseiling instructional for people who wish to learn to abseil is on October 20th. All are welcome, particularly beginners. | + | === Abseiling Training |
- | The practice day on November 10 is mainly for prussiking practice. It is a desirable skill for abseilers. Again, everyone is welcome, but if you have never abseiled before, you will not get the chance to participate in the usual structured process to teach you to abseil on this day. | + | |
+ | There are two separate but complimentary abseiling activities listed in the Spring program. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The abseiling instructional for people who wish to learn to abseil is on October 20th. All are welcome, particularly beginners. | ||
For more details: Kenn Clacher 9954 9708 (home work & fax) | For more details: Kenn Clacher 9954 9708 (home work & fax) | ||
- | ****************** | + | |
- | Navigation Training | + | |
- | and Map Reading | + | === Navigation Training and Map Reading |
On the first Wednesday of the month (committee meeting night) at the Kirribilli clubrooms we show a training video on navigation and map reading. Prospective members welcome. | On the first Wednesday of the month (committee meeting night) at the Kirribilli clubrooms we show a training video on navigation and map reading. Prospective members welcome. | ||
- | A Snippet From Column 8 | + | |
+ | |||
+ | === A Snippet From Column 8 === | ||
observer Barbara Bruce | observer Barbara Bruce | ||
- | "For some reason we have been told that at the AGM at the | + | |
- | weekend of the NSW Confederation of Bushwalking Clubs, representing 70 clubs, the new president was installed - Mr Brian Walker. Also on the management committee Mr Colin Wood and Mr Don Brooks. We cannot see how this could possibly interest us" | + | "For some reason we have been told that at the AGM at the weekend of the NSW Confederation of Bushwalking Clubs, representing 70 clubs, the new president was installed - Mr Brian Walker. |
- | P 13 | + | |
- | , | + | ===== First Aid (continued from August 'first aid notes' |
- | 'Basic Rule in Treatment | + | |
- | First aid courses teach DRABC as the basic way of treatment. This check list may only take a couple of seconds but should be followed on all occasions. | + | === 2. Basic Rule in Treatment === |
- | D Danger,. make sure that you do not put yourself in danger when you go to render first aid, one casualty is | + | |
- | . Think rat -.: | + | First aid courses teach **DRABC** as the basic way of treatment. This check list may only take a couple of seconds but should be followed on all occasions. |
- | ReSPOnse. Try to get a response from the patient before applying first aid. The patient may be sleeping | + | |
- | and ricitUnconsciotis.. The Patient may not be able to talk, or to hear you or to speak your language. If | + | |D|Danger. make sure that you do not put yourself in danger when you go to render first aid, one casualty is enough. Think and then react.| |
- | | + | |R|Response. Try to get a response from the patient before applying first aid. The patient may be sleeping and not unconscious. The Patient may not be able to talk, or to hear you or to speak your language. If your assistance is required then go to the next step.| |
- | R | + | |A|Airways. Check that the airways are clear and not blocked. Look in the nose and mouth. Clear any obstructions from the mouth.| |
- | A Airways. Check that the airways are clear and not blocked. Look in the nose and mouth. Clear any | + | |B|Breathing. Is the patient breathing. Listen (and feel) with your ear over the patients nose and mouth and at the same time feel with your hand for movement of the patients diaphragm. No breathing then immediately give mouth to mouth (EAR) resuscitation. When breathing |
- | obstructions from the mouth. | + | |C|Circulation. Feel for a pulse at the neck. If no pulse is felt, give Cardiac Massages. If there is a pulse check for external bleeding. Treat for cuts, see below.| |
- | B Breathing. Is the patient breathing. Listen (and feel) with your ear over the patients nose and mouth and | + | |
- | at the same time feel with your hand for movement of the patients diaphragm. No breathing then | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | check for external bleeding. Treat for cuts, see below. | + | |
EAR and cardiac massage are not covered in these notes, see Additional Information below. | EAR and cardiac massage are not covered in these notes, see Additional Information below. | ||
- | Signs & Symptoms | + | |
- | Signs are the clues which the first aider observes from the patient; eg colour, temperature, | + | __Signs |
- | 3 Hypothermia Exposure (too cold) | + | |
+ | Signs are the clues which the first aider observes from the patient; eg colour, temperature, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Symptoms are giddiness, dizziness, headache. | ||
+ | |||
+ | === 3. Hypothermia Exposure (too cold) === | ||
Occurs when the body core cools too much, from prolonged immersion in cold water, damp clothes on a cold, windy and rainy day (NB chill factor), coupled with physical exhaustion and hunger. | Occurs when the body core cools too much, from prolonged immersion in cold water, damp clothes on a cold, windy and rainy day (NB chill factor), coupled with physical exhaustion and hunger. | ||
- | Signs & Symptoms | + | |
- | Treatment | + | __Signs |
- | mild cases wrap the casualty up and give warm, sweet drink (NB not too hot to scald, and make sure the casualty can have sugar). Give chocolate to eat. For severe cases cuddle up together in a sleeping bag with plenty of skin to skin contact. Don't be shy or embarrassed, | + | |
- | 4 Hyperthermia (Heat Exhaustion - too hot). | + | Irrational thinking, slurred speech, stumbling, consciousness. |
- | Included here are severe sunburn, heat exhaustion and heat stroke. For sunburn see bums below. Heat stress is an elevated body temperature and occurs when the body can no longer control its temperature by sweating. It can occur on bushwalks when the temperature is high, the humidity is high, wearing too much clothing, strenuous walking such as climbing. Heat stroke is extreme heat exhaustion. | + | |
- | Signs & Symptoms | + | __Treatment__ |
- | dizziness, feeling hot, exhausted but restless, muscular cramps, fast and shallow breathing, skin pale and clammy, pulse rapid and weak. | + | |
- | Treatment | + | Do not give alcohol to drink. Do not expose to excessive external heat. Immediately do what you can to prevent further heat loss and then get to a sheltered spot. For mild cases wrap the casualty up and give warm, sweet drink (NB not too hot to scald, and make sure the casualty can have sugar). Give chocolate to eat. For severe cases cuddle up together in a sleeping bag with plenty of skin to skin contact. Don't be shy or embarrassed, |
- | or cooler place-in the shade. | + | |
- | P 14 | + | === 4. Hyperthermia (Heat Exhaustion - too hot) === |
- | 5 Shock | + | |
- | The body's response to an inadequate supply of oxygen to the tissues. The body reacts to shock by directing blood away from the less important tissues to the vital organs (brain, heart and | + | Included here are severe sunburn, heat exhaustion and heat stroke. For sunburn, see burs below. Heat stress is an elevated body temperature and occurs when the body can no longer control its temperature by sweating. It can occur on bushwalks when the temperature is high, the humidity is high, wearing too much clothing, strenuous walking such as climbing. Heat stroke is extreme heat exhaustion. |
- | kidneys). Shock may result from severe bleeding, severe burns, loss of fluids by vomiting or dehydration or an accident such as a fracture. Shock, called an anaphylactic shock may also result from severe allergic reaction to insect bite. | + | |
- | Signs & Symptoms | + | __Signs |
- | giddy, may lose consciousness, | + | |
- | Treatment | + | Headache, dizziness, feeling hot, exhausted but restless, muscular cramps, fast and shallow breathing, skin pale and clammy, pulse rapid and weak. |
- | 6 Sprains & Fractures | + | |
- | For treatment sprains and fractures are the same, however the severity of the injury may be very different. If in doubt treat a sprain or suspected fracture as a fracture. Sprains and fractures may also cause shock. For bushwalking, | + | __Treatment__ |
- | Signs & Symptoms | + | |
- | an unusual angle, bone fracture protruding from the skin, inability to carry the full weight on the | + | Remove casualty to a cool or cooler place - in the shade. |
- | leg, shock, swelling of the joint, inability to move the fingers, wrist, toes, foot or great pain in doing so. Secondary injuries may be concussion, grazing, cuts and bruises from a fall. | + | |
- | Treatment | + | === 5. Shock === |
- | 7 Snake Bite | + | |
- | Assume the snake is venomous. Identify the snake if possible but do not waste time trying to catch it and maybe getting bitten yourself The majority of bites are to the lower leg with the rest to the hand or forearm. Bites elsewhere are difficult to treat, but the first aid is the same. The current (1996) theory and treatment for snake bite is as follows; because the snake venom travels along the lymph system to the heart, treatment is to apply pressure to the affected part of the body in order to slow down the rate of travel of the venom. At a slow rate the body can rid itself of the venom, | + | The body's response to an inadequate supply of oxygen to the tissues. The body reacts to shock by directing blood away from the less important tissues to the vital organs (brain, heart and kidneys). Shock may result from severe bleeding, severe burns, loss of fluids by vomiting or dehydration or an accident such as a fracture. Shock, called an anaphylactic shock, may also result from severe allergic reaction to insect bite. |
- | Signs & Symptoms | + | |
- | the bite site, and one or more of the following: disturbed vision, nausea and vomiting, headache, drowsiness and fainting, sweating, pain in the abdomen, difficulty in breathing, diarrhoea, shock. | + | __Signs |
- | Treatment | + | |
+ | Feels weak, faint, giddy, may lose consciousness, | ||
+ | |||
+ | __Treatment__ | ||
+ | |||
+ | If unconscious apply DRABC, turn onto the casualty' | ||
+ | |||
+ | === 6. Sprains & Fractures | ||
+ | |||
+ | For treatment sprains and fractures are the same, however, the severity of the injury may be very different. If in doubt treat a sprain or suspected fracture as a fracture. Sprains and fractures may also cause shock. For bushwalking, | ||
+ | |||
+ | __Signs | ||
+ | |||
+ | Leg, foot or arm at an unusual angle, bone fracture protruding from the skin, inability to carry the full weight on the leg, shock, swelling of the joint, inability to move the fingers, wrist, toes, foot or great pain in doing so. Secondary injuries may be concussion, grazing, cuts and bruises from a fall. | ||
+ | |||
+ | __Treatment__ | ||
+ | |||
+ | First DRABC, then carefully remove the casualty to an area free of danger and where treatment can be given. Surface wounds, cuts etc. may need to be attended to before treatment of the fracture. Immobilise the limb with a splint using wide bandages to spread the pressure and padding on the splint to prevent local pressure. For leg injuries, if splinting one leg with the other put padding between the bony places: knees and ankles. Watch for shock and treat accordingly. If the casualty is in pain, a pain-killer may be appropriate. (Depending | ||
+ | |||
+ | === 7. Snake Bite === | ||
+ | |||
+ | Assume the snake is venomous. Identify the snake if possible but do not waste time trying to catch it and maybe getting bitten yourself. The majority of bites are to the lower leg with the rest to the hand or forearm. Bites elsewhere are difficult to treat, but the first aid is the same. The current (1996) theory and treatment for snake bite is as follows; because the snake venom travels along the lymph system to the heart, treatment is to apply pressure to the affected part of the body in order to slow down the rate of travel of the venom. At a slow rate the body can rid itself of the venom. | ||
+ | |||
+ | __Signs | ||
+ | |||
+ | Puncture marks at the bite site, and one or more of the following: disturbed vision, nausea and vomiting, headache, drowsiness and fainting, sweating, pain in the abdomen, difficulty in breathing, diarrhoea, shock. | ||
+ | |||
+ | __Treatment__ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Do not wash the bite site (at the hospital, a sample of the venom can be taken to identify the type of snake), cover the puncture with a dressing then bandage the whole limb with a crepe bandage firmly (as for a break or sprain) starting from the bite down to the extremity of the limb and then working upwards. Apply a second crepe bandage over the first. | ||
+ | |||
+ | (To be continued) | ||
199609.1457865796.txt.gz · Last modified: 2016/03/13 21:43 by vievems