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--- 198603 [2019/03/04 16:22] – tyreless
+++ 198603 [2019/03/06 15:15] – tyreless
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   - Immediate action?
-  - Assessment of the signs and smptoms?
+  - Assessment of the signs and symptoms?
   - TreatmentT of the patient?
   - Further action you would take?
@@ Line 254: / Line 254: @@
 === Country towns - Avoid them or use them? ===
-Pme or two of the regular coast-Christmas-trip-walkers declined to come this time because of the amount of "civilisation" to be walked through, in particular the towns of Bermagui and Narooma. However, this proved to be an advantage for some; those who would have been excluded from most trips because they couldn't start on Boxing Day, or had to return to work earlier than New Year's Day, were able to meet us / leave us at appropriate towns and times. This meant, of course, that the trip had to be well-timed, and certainly car swapping needed some extra thought, but it did mean the pleasure of the company of friends I would otherwise not have walked with. By having one food-party I was able to put food parcels in various cars, so that for the first two days we had light packs, and when at Narooma we met Barbara Evans we collected her plus the next two days food. When Jo van Sommers and three others left us on Sunday we were able to collect from that car three days food for the remaining 12 people for the last few days. (For those questioning my arithmetic, there were many other comings and goings that I've not mentiond.)
+One or two of the regular coast-Christmas-trip-walkers declined to come this time because of the amount of "civilisation" to be walked through, in particular the towns of Bermagui and Narooma. However, this proved to be an advantage for some; those who would have been excluded from most trips because they couldn't start on Boxing Day, or had to return to work earlier than New Year's Day, were able to meet us / leave us at appropriate towns and times. This meant, of course, that the trip had to be well-timed, and certainly car swapping needed some extra thought, but it did mean the pleasure of the company of friends I would otherwise not have walked with. By having one food-party I was able to put food parcels in various cars, so that for the first two days we had light packs, and when at Narooma we met Barbara Evans we collected her plus the next two days food. When Jo van Sommers and three others left us on Sunday we were able to collect from that car three days food for the remaining 12 people for the last few days. (For those questioning my arithmetic, there were many other comings and goings that I've not mentioned.)
 [ Map - Potato Point to Bithry Inlet. ]
@@ Line 260: / Line 260: @@
 The towns also enabled us to buy fresh bread and meat when needed. As for the towns themselves, they are of the fishing / holiday home type, usually on estuaries, surrounded by dairying country, and even at this peak holiday time, relatively uncrowded. We found that most, if not all, people swam at the beach nearest the town and we had only to walk to the next beach to be by ourselves again. We always lunched and camped in complete seclusion.
-[ Drawing - Bengunnu-Mimosa Roacks National Park. Tiny headland & beaches. ]
+[ Drawing - Bengunnu-Mimosa Rocks National Park. Tiny headland & beaches. ]
 === Lakes and Estuaries. ===
@@ Line 298: / Line 298: @@
 __To__: The Prime Minister,\\
 Mr. R. Hawke,\\
-Parliament Hous
+Parliament House
 Canberra. A.C.T.
@@ Line 351: / Line 351: @@
 ----
-A BREAK IN TIME.
+===== A Break In Time. =====
-South Coast, Xmas 1985.  by Joan Rigby.
-The air fell still, warm and heavy over me as I slithered down the dune face. Before me lay a basin in the forest, a shallow reed-filled lagoon, with the stocky, twisted, dark casuarinas of the coast growing low
+=== South Coast, Xmas 1985. ===
-over the flat shore. Nearby, a strip of short grass sloped to the water's
-edge, but water and land had no margin, one merged into the other, grass growing underwater, while water rose through the grass beneath my feet. OL the lagoon's edge drifted a few white feathers as though here some Australian Odette had barely escaped her fate.
+by Joan Rigby.
+The air fell still, warm and heavy over me as I slithered down the dune face. Before me lay a basin in the forest, a shallow reed-filled lagoon, with the stocky, twisted, dark casuarinas of the coast growing low over the flat shore. Nearby, a strip of short grass sloped to the water's edge, but water and land had no margin, one merged into the other, grass growing underwater, while water rose through the grass beneath my feet. On the lagoon's edge drifted a few white feathers as though here some Australian Odette had barely escaped her fate.
 This was a place to conjure dark legends and secret fears of unknown worlds, a place to flee, back over the dune into the lighter world beyond.
-That afternoon we had wandered along the sunlit beaches, enjoying the company, the sea and the soft breeze until, by the great log on the sands, someone had rested and we had gathered in the stragglers, the talkers and
-the energetic. Camp that night was to be a few kilometres away, just beyond
+That afternoon we had wandered along the sunlit beaches, enjoying the company, the sea and the soft breeze until, by the great log on the sands, someone had rested and we had gathered in the stragglers, the talkers and the energetic. Camp that night was to be a few kilometres away, just beyond the smooth headland, green against the sky and sea; but someone mentioned a possible camp "behind the dune", and one by one the curious had looked and returned quietly to the group. Yes it was a campsite, yes to wood and water, but no enthusiasm. How could you explain that brooding, heavy silence? Was this what Lawson felt when he wrote of the threatening solitude of the bush? So, accepting, we followed over the dune, missing already the gentle sea airs, and watched the mood settle over all.
-the smooth headland, green against the sky and sea; but someone mentioned a possible camp "behind the dune", and one by one the curious had looked and
-returned quietly to the group. Yes it was a campsite, yes to wood and water,
+Packs were emptied beneath the dark casuarinas, bright tents were strung between their trunks, a spread of violets claimed attention and became the chosen tent site, a fire was lit and voices rose in friendly talk. I moved away to sit on the dune rim and see the golden beach and the bright land beyond, but turned to see the lagoon with fresh eyes. Now there was colour, movement, even the air seemed cooler and the sound of the sea was a soothing background to laughter and chatter.
-but no enthusiasm. How could you explain that brooding, heavy silence?
-Was this what Lawson felt when he wrote of the threatening solitude of the
+So we passed a pleasant night and woke to sunshine and our memorable, unusual campsite. The others packed slowly and started down the beach for another day. I had to return home from this place so walked packless with them to the next inlet, then returned alone to the lagoon.
-bush? So, accepting, we followed over the dune, missing already the gentle sea airs, and watched the mood settle over all.
-Packs were emptied beneath the dark casuarinas, bright tents were
-strung between their trunks, a spread of violets claimed attention and became the chosen tent site, a fire was lit and voices rose in friendly talk. I moved away to sit on the dune rim and see the golden beach and the bright land
-beyond, but turned to see the lagoon with fresh eyes. Now there was colour,
-movement, even the air seemed cooler and the sound of the sea was a soothing background to laughter and chatter.
-So we passed a pleasant night and woke to sunshine and our memorable,
-unusual campsite. The others packed slowly and started down the beach for
-another day. I had to return home from this place so walked packless with
-them to the next inlet, then returned alone to the lagoon.
 The air fell warm and heavy around me as I walked through the brooding silence under the casuarinas. The darkness just beyond our knowledge threatened me and Odette had fled again, leaving a few feathers on the violets.
-************
-FEDERATION OF BUSHWALKING CLUBS.
+----
+===== Federation Of Bushwalking Clubs. =====
 Spiro Hajinakitas stood down as Secretary to the Federation at the last meeting, but he will continue as Minutes Secretary. John Berry from C.M.W. was then elected as Secretary until the A.G.M. to be held in July.
-Gordon Lee (Federation President) reported that the REUNION at Dharug
-National Park on 1st and 2nd March was very well run by C.M.W. with a beaut
+Gordon Lee (Federation President) reported that the Reunion at Dharug National Park on 1st and 2nd March was very well run by C.M.W. with a beaut supper. A number of families were there. It is extraordinary that back in the 1940's, S.B.W. would have 100 people at a Federation Reunion, and this year only one other S.B.W. member attended. How about a group of us going next year and meeting walkers from other clubs?
-supper. A number of families were there. It is extraordinary that back in
-the 1940's, S.B.W. would have 100 people at a Federation Reunion, and this
+----
-year only one other S.B.W. member attended. How about a group of us going
-next year and meeting walkers from other clubs?
+===== Breaking The Rules. =====
-Page 12 THE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER March, 1986..
-BREAKING THE RULES.
 by Frank Rigby.
-Following the recent publication of Phil Butt's story (the title of which escapes me) about an intrepid solo walk in Tasmania, I thought it
-might be appropriate to follow up with my own solo experience on that island. The two adventures are as different as chalk and cheese. Any why not? Bushwalkers, to be sure, are not produced from set moulds!
+Following the recent publication of Phil Butt's story (the title of which escapes me) about an intrepid solo walk in Tasmania, I thought it might be appropriate to follow up with my own solo experience on that island. The two adventures are as different as chalk and cheese. Any why not? Bushwalkers, to be sure, are not produced from set moulds!
-I arrived in Hobart on June 14, 1984 to a chilly reception. The sky
-was threatening, the temperature at noon was 70 and a freezing wind tore
+I arrived in Hobart on June 14, 1984 to a chilly reception. The sky was threatening, the temperature at noon was 7° and a freezing wind tore through the narrow streets. The Hobartians were rugged up to their ears. The forecast for the next day was "cold, rain throughout"! I began to have second thoughts and if my return ticket had not been immovably dated I might have thrown in the towel there and then. Of course, I was breaking all the rules and I knew it! A week's solo bushwalk to the south coast of Tasmania in the middle of winter would not exactly be recommended by anyone in the game. But I had experienced an overwhelming desire to do something out of the ordinary, to rebel against the accepted wisdom. Mixed up in all this were vague notions of wanting to suffer physically and of "proving" something, something I could not quite pin down.
-through the narrow streets. The Hobartians were rugged up to their ears.
-The forecast for the next day was "cold, rain throughout"! I began to have
-second thoughts and if my return ticket had not been immovably dated I might
-have thrown in the towel there and then. Of course, I was breaking all the
-rules and I knew it! A week's solo bushwalk to the south coast of Tasmania
-in the middle of winter would not exactly be recommended by anyone in the
-game. But I had experienced an overwhelming desire to do something out of
-the ordinary, to rebel against the accepted wisdom. Mixed up in all this
-were vague notions of wanting to suffer physically and of "proving" something, something I could not quite pin down.
 I had made my bed of nails and now I had to lie on it, so I boarded the bus for Dover that afternoon and the die was cast.
-After overnighting in a friendly local pub a kindly orchardist lifted me to the Ida Bay Scenic Railway and, with a final 19 kilometres to the end of the road at Cockle Creek, I shouldered the heaviest pack (19 kg or 42 lbs) I could ever remember. I had wanted to suffer and my wish was granted for
-weary kilometres before a rare tourist "who wanted to reach (by car) the most southerly point in Australia" mercifully picked me up.
+After overnighting in a friendly local pub a kindly orchardist lifted me to the Ida Bay Scenic Railway and, with a final 19 kilometres to the end of the road at Cockle Creek, I shouldered the heaviest pack (19 kg or 42 lbs) I could ever remember. I had wanted to suffer and my wish was granted for 12 weary kilometres before a rare tourist "who wanted to reach (by car) the most southerly point in Australia" mercifully picked me up.
-Next day I got stuck into what I had come to do: bushwalking with
-suffering. The "rain throughout" forecast had apparently been 24 hours too
+Next day I got stuck into what I had come to do: bushwalking with suffering. The "rain throughout" forecast had apparently been 24 hours too early and was laying in wait for me on the route to South Cape Bay. But actually, the track was so abominable, with bog up to the knees, that I barely noticed the deluge from above. With some relief I sighted the Southern Ocean and, with a degree of danger, skirted the coastline around Lion Rock and Coal Bluff to find what I had been looking for - a pleasant and spacious campsite above the bay into which flows South Cape Rivulet.
-early and was laying in wait for me on the route to South Cape Bay. But
-actually, the track was so abominable, with bog up to the knees, that I
+During a break in the showers I put up the tent and settled in. The darkness came swiftly so I cooked dinner in comfortable style inside the tent, using gas stove and candle. In this protected place, inside my spacious tent and with all the necessities at hand, I began to feel utterly secure, even somewhat smug. This rosy glow was short-lived. The rain restarted and the tent began to leak all over! My freshly-proofed Stormtite tent leaking? Panic! I looked up and was astonished to find the inside covered with leaf litter picked up when I had laid out the tent on the moist ground.
-barely noticed the deluge from above. With some relief I sighted the
-Southern Ocean and, with a degree of danger, skirted the coastline around Lion Rock and Coal Bluff to find what I had been looking for - a pleasant and spacious campsite above the bay into which flows South Cape Rivulet.
+Painstakingly I removed this, remembering all the stories about hypothermia in the Tasmanian wilds. Of course the leaks would never stop until the inside surface had dried out. So I sat up into that rainy night directing the flows as best I could. Fortunately for me, the rain ceased at about the same time as I fell asleep, exhausted. The leaf litter was similar to hundreds of fingers touching the fabric, though in 33 years of bushing this had never happened to me before. There is always something new to learn!
-During a break in the showers I put up the tent and settled in. The
-darkness came swiftly so I cooked dinner in comfortable style inside the tent, using gas stove and candle. In this protected place, inside my spacious tent and with all the necessities at hand, I began to feel utterly
+Next morning I explored my exclusive bit of territory. Just below my campsite on the high bank was a fine, wide beach extending westwards for half a kilometre to South Cape Rivulet which flowed into the sea through a tea-coloured channel at the far end. The Rivulet formed an extensive lagoon before it entered the channel, ideal for swimming except for its temperature. The scudding clouds and occasional drizzle clothes the landscape in that soft-light atmosphere so appropriate to the Tasmanian coast. The ocean pounded the beach day and night, lulling the mind into a state of quiet contentment. It was indeed a beautiful place, peaceful and harmonious, into which the turmoil of civilisation could not enter.
-secure, even somewhat smug. This rosy glow was short-lived. The rain
-restarted and the tent began to leak all over! My freshly-proofed Stormtite
+I crossed the channel and found the depth to be up to my chest, and freezing cold! At that moment, I remember, I first toyed with the idea of going no further westwards along the coast. That evening the toying gradually evolved into a firm conviction. It was not just the channel; why abandon your own piece of paradise just when you have found it?
-tent leaking? Panic! I looked up and was astonished to find the inside
-covered with leaf litter picked up when I had laid out the tent on the moist ground.
+And so followed a succession of relaxed days and nights, of showers and sunshine, wind and calm, soft low light, and always the thundering surf on my doorstep. The weather, quite unpredictable, was always cool but never bitingly cold. (My diary records a temperature range of 3° to 14° for the week.) No other human being, or any sign of the outside world, intruded. My own activities included gathering wood and water, cooking, eating, reading, walking along the beach and sleeping. But mostly sleeping, it seemed.
-Painstakingly I removed this, remembering all the stories about hypo-
-thermia in the Tasmanian wilds. Of course the leaks would never stop until
+At the winter solstice the days at latitude 43°36' are quite short; one has about 9 hours of effective daylight. Students of mathematics could calculate that there are, correspondingly, 15 hours of darkness. I wondered how I would cope with this situation for extended campfires at night were out of the question in that place. For hyperactive types it might prove a problem. For me I found that I quickly adapted to 12 hours of sleep even though I should not have needed such rest. Only the muted daylight eventually seeping into the campsite could awaken me.
-the inside surface had dried out. So I sat up into that rainy night
-directing the flows as best I could. Fortunately for me, the rain ceased
+One morning, though, about the middle of my stay, the light did not seem quite so muted. Outside the tent something was different. Ah yes, that rocky headland enclosing the bay was bathed in sunlight, standing out starkly for the first time. Not only that, but the whole sky was blue and the air uncannily still. Since these unusual conditions persisted into the late morning I arrived at the momentous conclusion that I should attempt my first dip in the Southern Ocean. "Invigorating" is one word, but there are others (sea temperature 12°). Rinsing off in the Rivulet was "painful" (rivulet temperature 8°). Unbelievably, I was then able to sunbake for an hour on the beach, even though the air temperature at noon was a mere 6°. Then a wisp of a breeze coming in from the sea had me scurrying for warm clothes. You can beat the Tasmanian winter for only a tiny fraction of the time.
-at about the same time as I fell asleep, exhausted. The leaf litter was
-similar to hudnreds of fingers touching the fabric, though in 33 years of
+After seven days my allotted time had expired and, with some sadness, I packed up and departed, returning to whence I had come. It was, after all, only an interlude, could not be anything else. As I plodded the boggy track back to the roadhead I was full of reflections. Had I suffered physically? No, not to any degree. With all the modern wonders of technological civilisation which can be stuffed into a rucksack, life was secure, comfortable and relatively, easy. And here was the uneasy contradiction: to enjoy a sojourn in the wilderness I was absolutely dependent upon the material goods I had brought from civilisation. Had I proved anything? Not so much. Only that I could thoroughly enjoy my own company for a week in a remote and lovely place. There had also been something else: a quiet simplicity that I had not previously experienced in communal bushwalking. Perhaps that was enough.
-bushing this had never happened to me before. There is always something new
-to learn!
-Next morning I explored my exclusive bit of territory. Just below my
-campsite on the high bank was a fine, wide beach extending westwards for
-March, 1986. THE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER Page 13
-half a.kilometre to South Cape Rivulet which flowed into the sea through a tea-coloured channel at the far end. The Rivulet formed an extensive lagoon before it entered the channel, ideal for swimming except for its temperature. The scudding clouds and occasional drizzle clothes the landscape in that soft-light atmosphere so appropriate to the Tasmanian
-coast. The ocean pounded the beach day and night, lulling the mind into
-a state of quiet contentment. It was indeed a beautiful place, peaceful
-and harmonious, into which the turmoil of civilisation could not enter.
-I crossed the channel and found the depth to be up to my chest, and freezing cold! At that moment, I remember, I first toyed with the idea of
-going no further westwards along the coast. That evening the toying
-gradually evolved into a firm conviction. It was not just the channel;
-why abandon your own piece of paradise just when you have found it?
-And so followed a succession of relaxed days and nights, of showers and sunshine, wind and calm, soft low light, and always the thundering surf on my doorstep. The weather, quite unpredictable, was always cool but never bitingly cold. (My diary records a temperature range of 30 to 14 for the
-week.) No other human being, or any sign of the outside world, intruded.
-My own activities included gathering wood and water, cooking, eating, reading, walking along the beach and sleeping. But mostly sleeping, it seemed.
-At the winter solstice the days at latitude 4336' are quite short;
-one has about 9 hours of effective daylight. Students of mathematics could
-calculate that there are, correspondingly, 15 hours of darkness. I wondered how I would cope with this situation for extended campfires at night were out of the question in that place. For hyperactive types it might prove a problem. For me I found that I quickly adapted to 12 hours of sleep even
-though I should not have needed such rest. Only the muted daylight event-
-ually seeping into the campsite could awaken me.
-One morning, though, about the middle of my stay, the light did not seem quite so muted. Outside the tent something was different. Ah yes, that
-rocky headland enclosing the bay was bathed in sunlight, standing out starkly for the first time. Not only that, but the whole sky was blue and the air
-uncannily still. Since these unusual conditions persisted into the late
-morning I arrived at the momentous conclusion that I should attempt my first
-dip in the Southern Ocean. "Invigorating" is one word, but there are others
-(sea temperature 12'). Rinsing off in the Rivulet was "painful" (rivulet
-temperature 8'). Unbelievably, I was then able to sunbake for an hour on
-the beach, even though the air temperature at noon was a mere 6. Then a wisp of a breeze coming in from the sea had me scurrying for warm clothes. You can beat the Tasmanian winter for only a tiny fraction of the time.
-After seven days my allotted time had expired and, with some sadness, I packed up and departed, returning to whence I had come. It was, after all, only an interlude, could not be anything else. As I plodded the boggy track
-back to the roadhead I was full of reflections. Had I suffered physically? No, not to any degree. With all the modern wonders of technological civilisation which can be stuffed into a rucksack, life was secure, comfortable
-and relatively, easy. And here was the uneasy contrdiction: to enjoy a
-sojourn in the wilderness I was absolutely dependent upon the material goods I had brought from civilisation. Had I proved anything? Not so much. Only that I could thoroughly enjoy my own company for a week in a remote and lovely place. There had also been something else: a quiet simplicity that I had not previously experienced in communal bushwalking. Perhaps that was enough.
 Breaking the rules may not always prove wise, but it can be supremely rewarding.
-* * * * * * * *
-THE SYDNEY BUSH ; 'Ll<=
+----
- VICTORIA ROAD GLADESVILLE, 2111 PHONE (02) 817 5590 HOURS - MON.-FRI. 9-6
-THURS. 9-8
+=== Canoe & Camping. ===
-SAT. 9-4
-(PARKING AT REAR OFF PITTWATER ROAD)
+ Victoria Road, Gladesville, 2111. Phone (02) 817 5590. Hours: Mon.-Fri. 9-6, Thurs. 9-8, Sat. 9-4. (Parking at rear off Pittwater Road).
-A LARGE RANGE OF LIGHTWEIGHT, QUALITY, BUSHWALKING Et CAMPING GEAR
- LIGHTWEIGHT FOOD FOR BACKPACKERS AND CANOEISTS
+A large range of lightweight, quality, bushwalking & camping gear:
- COLD WEATHER PROTECTION CLOTHING AND RAINGEAR
- MAPS, BOOKS AND LEAFLETS
+  * Lightweight food for backpackers and canoeists
- INFORMATION SERVICE FOR CANOEISTS AND WALKERS
+  * Cold weather protection clothing and raingear
- KNIVES  COMPASSES  SURVIVAL GEAR
+  * Maps, books and leaflets
-WE STOCK THE LARGEST RANGE OF CANOEING GEAR IN N.S.W.
+  * Information service for canoeists and walkers
-QUALITY TOURING CRAFT OF ALL TYPES HIGH QUALITY, PERFORMANCE COMPETITION CRAFT
+  * Knives
- A HUGE RANGE OF PADDLES FOR ALL TYPES OF CANOEING  WETSUITS  SURF SKIS
+  * Compasses
- ALL TYPES OF SPRAY COVERS  WIDE RANGE OF JACKETS & CAGS  FACE MASKS
+  * Survival gear
- FOOTWEAR  MANY TYPES OF BUOYANCY & LIFE VESTS  HELMETS
-March, 1986. THE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER Page 15
+We stock the largest range of canoeing gear in N.S.W.
-NOW WHAT?
-FIRST AID ANSWERS. by Ainslie Morris.
+Quality touring craft of all types. High quality, performance competition craft.
+  * A huge range of paddles for all types of canoeing
+  * Wetsuits
+  * Surf skis
+  * All types of spray covers
+  * Wide range of jackets & cags
+  * Face masks
+  * Footwear
+  * Many types of buoyancy & life vests
+  * Helmets
+----
+===== Now What? First Aid Answers. =====
+by Ainslie Morris.
 Your reference is "Australian First Aid - St. John" pages 343-4 and pages 234-36 (Current Edition).
-SITUATION 7:
-(1) IMMEDIATE ACTION: R. I. C. E.
+=== Situation 7: ===
-o Rest the casualty.
-o Ice packs - in the bush, use a wet cloth, or quarter fill a wine cask liner with water.
+(1) __ Immediate Action__": R. I. C. E.
-o Compression with a pressure bandage (elastic).
-o Elevate the limb - rest lower leg and foot on a pack.
+  * Rest the casualty.
-(2) ASSESSMENT:
+  * Ice packs - in the bush, use a wet cloth, or quarter fill a wine cask liner with water.
-It is very difficult or impossible to diagnose whether it is a sprain or a fracture of the ankle. A person may be able to walk on an ankle with a fracture of a small bone, and there are recent cases in the Club when people have done so. If it is a severe sprain ("rupture of the fibres of
+  * Compression with a pressure bandage (elastic).
-the ligaments on either side of the joint" - St. JOhn p.344) the person can walk, but first give R.I.C.E. - it shortens recovery time and limits
+  * Elevate the limb - rest lower leg and foot on a pack.
-swelling. It is possible, however, for a person to walk (slowly and in pain) with a fracture; this can later cause severe complications requiring  hospitalisation.
-(3) TREATMENT:
+(2) __Assessment__:
-As for a lower leg fracture - see St. JOhn pages 235-236. Prepare for
-transport. The principle is to immobilise the limb joint - in this case,
+It is very difficult or impossible to diagnose whether it is __a sprain or a fracture of the ankle__. A person may be able to walk on an ankle with a fracture of a small bone, and there are recent cases in the Club when people have done so. If it is a severe sprain ("rupture of the fibres of the ligaments on either side of the joint" - St. John p.344) the person can walk, but first give R.I.C.E. - it shortens recovery time and limits swelling. It is possible, however, for a person to walk (slowly and in pain) with a fracture; __this can later cause severe complications requiring hospitalisation__.
-the ankle.
+(3) __Treatment__:
+As for a lower leg fracture - see St. John pages 235-236. Prepare for transport. The principle is to immobilise the limb joint - in this case, the ankle.
 . Remove the shoe and sock - one injured Club member suffered excruciating pain when her shoe was removed after several hours when she had a swollen fractured leg.
 . Splint from ankle to thigh - use a towel or the injured person's spare clothing (you'll be "splitting" the pack anyway) to pad between the legs, and wrap round a smooth straight stick.
-. Apply a figure-of-eight bandage around the ankles and feet. Yo-1 should always carry a roll-on bandage, but tights or long-johns can be used.
+. Apply a figure-of-eight bandage around the ankles and feet. You should always carry a roll-on bandage, but tights or long-johns can be used.
 . Apply a broad bandage (long johns or shirt) around the thighs, at the knees, and above the suspected fractured ankle.
-. Give NO DRUGS or MEDICATION if in shock.
-(4) FURTHER ACTION:
+. Give no drugs or medication if in shock.
-o Treat for shock if signs of it appear.
-o Record every 15 minutes if in shock: Breathing
+(4) __Further action__:
-Pulse Skin
-Eyes
+  * Treat for shock if signs of it appear.
-Loss of feeling in foot
+  * Record every 15 minutes if in shock: Breathing, Pulse Skin, Eyes, Loss of feeling in foot.
-o If only slight shock, give painkillers e.g. aspirin, and cup of tea.
+  * If only slight shock, give painkillers e.g. aspirin, and cup of tea.
-o Send at least two strong walkers to contact S. & R. (Search and Rescue  contacts are on your Walks Programme - carry it or their names and numbers in your First Aid Kit.)
+  * Send at least two strong walkers to contact S. & R. (__Search and Rescue contacts__ are on your Walks Programme - carry it or their names and numbers in your First Aid Kit.) Make sure they:
-Make sure they:
+  - Know exactly where you are.
-. Know exactly where you are.
+  - The route out, and can navigate.
-. The route out, and can navigate.
+  - Can give information on the casualty.
-. Can give information on the casualty.
-o Put a shelter up - tent or groundsheet, and make the casualty comfortable - and yourselves.
+  * Put a shelter up - tent or groundsheet, and make the casualty comfortable - and yourselves.
-Page 16 THE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER March, 1986.
-"Carrying out" may be attempted over a very short distance, but you would need 12 people - two teams of 6 to constantly swap over, plus helpers to clear vegetation ahead and carry two packs each (or be prepared to go back for packs). You would need to improvise a stretcher using sticks and packs, or possibly a light person could be carried by one or two big strong
+"Carrying out" may be attempted over a very short distance, but you would need 12 people - two teams of 6 to constantly swap over, plus helpers to clear vegetation ahead and carry two packs each (or be prepared to go back for packs). You would need to improvise a stretcher using sticks and packs, or possibly a light person could be carried by one or two big strong people. If the walk is fairly close to Sydney or Canberra, there will be trained S. & R. available and calling it is usually the best idea.
-people. If the walk is fairly close to Sydney or Canberra, there will be trained S. & R. available and calling it is usually the best idea.
+----
 This series on First Aid was written as a response to interest shown in an evening on the Social Programme. Members are welcome to contribute their knowledge on health and fitness as well as dealing with accidents.
-EDITOR.
-#*****##
+Editor.
-BUSH DANCE.
-The Federation of Bushwalking Clubs is holding a BUSH DANCE to raise money for Search & Rescue.
+----
-Date - Friday, 2nd May. Venue. Lane Cove Town Hall, Longueville Road.
-COST: $7 each at door - Bring your own drinks AND SUPPER. Dress - casual. No need to bring a partner.
+===== Bush Dance. =====
+The Federation of Bushwalking Clubs is holding a Bush Dance to raise money for Search & Rescue.
+__Date__ - Friday, 2nd May.
+__Venue__ - Lane Cove Town Hall, Longueville Road.
+__Cost__ - $7 each at door - Bring your own drinks and supper.
+__Dress__ - casual. No need to bring a partner.
 There will be a party from S.B.W. Contact Barbara Bruce (546 6570) or the new Social Secretary, Narelle Lovell.
-SOCIAL NOTES FOR APRIL.
+----
+===== Social Notes For April. =====
 The 2nd April is the Committee Meeting and following the decision at the Annual General Meeting to revert to monthly meetings, the 9th April will now be a general meeting instead of the members' slides as shown on the social programme.
-The following week, 16th April, the Wilderness Society will be our guests for an evening "Wilderness in N.S.W." They say that this is an exiting visual display linking together the wilderness areas of the state
-and in support of recently announced policy of the N.S.W. Government. Before this meeting there will be dinner at the "Green Gardens" Restaurant at 6.30 pm.
+The following week, 16th April, the Wilderness Society will be our guests for an evening "Wilderness in N.S.W." They say that this is an exiting visual display linking together the wilderness areas of the state and in support of recently announced policy of the N.S.W. Government. Before this meeting there will be dinner at the "Green Gardens" Restaurant at 6.30 pm.
 On Wednesday 23rd, wine, cheese, pate and nuts. The Club provides wine and juices, you bring along your favourite cheese, pate or nut dishes.
-Finally, and possibly a first time for this Club, we will have a video presentation by Peter Christian on 30th April. Peter's "Coolana Revisited"
-shows water frolics and the damper competition at the 1985 Reunion, views
-of Kangaroo Valley (waterfalls too), scenes from the Barn Dance last November, and also some Federation Ball '85 activities. He will be using a video
-projector and 2 TV monitors. Your chance to be seen and heard. April 2 Committee Meeting
-General Meeting
-" 16 "Wilderness in N.S.W." The Wilderness Society 23 Wine, Cheese, Pate and Nuts
-" 30 "Coolana Revisited" video presentation/Peter Christian
-DINNER before the meeting at "Green Gardens" Chinese Restaurant,
-Alexander Street, Crow's Nest. 6.30 pm.
-******###
-CONGRATULATIONS TO -
-Tim Coffey was runner-up in the Sydney Morning Herald Senior Citizens' Week Photographic competition, Sixty-Five Years or over. It was on display
-at The State Bank building on the corner of Martin Place and Phillip Street.
+Finally, and possibly a first time for this Club, we will have a video presentation by Peter Christian on 30th April. Peter's "Coolana Revisited" shows water frolics and the damper competition at the 1985 Reunion, views of Kangaroo Valley (waterfalls too), scenes from the Barn Dance last November, and also some Federation Ball '85 activities. He will be using a video projector and 2 TV monitors. Your chance to be seen and heard.
+  * April 2 Committee Meeting
+  * April 9 General Meeting
+  * April 16* "Wilderness in N.S.W." The Wilderness Society
+  * April 23 Wine, Cheese, Pate and Nuts
+  * April 30 "Coolana Revisited" video presentation/Peter Christian
+* Dinner before the meeting at "Green Gardens" Chinese Restaurant, 55 Alexander Street, Crow's Nest. 6.30 pm.
+----
+=== Congratulation to: ===
+Tim Coffey was runner-up in the Sydney Morning Herald Senior Citizens' Week Photographic competition, Sixty-Five Years or over. It was on display at The State Bank building on the corner of Martin Place and Phillip Street.
+----