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+====== The Sydney Bushwalker. ======
-k.
-. kiS$6140 -;r4t
-THE SYDNEY BUSHWALKER'-- Established June 1931
-A monthly bulletin of matters of interest to The SydneyBush Walkers, Box 4476 G.P.O., Sydney, 2001. Club meetings are held every Wednesday
-evening from 7.45 pm at the Cahill Community Centre (Upper Hall), 34 Falcon Street, Crow's Nest.
-* * * * * * * *
-EDITOR: Ainslie Morris, 45 Austin Street, Lane Cove, 2066. Telephone 428 3178.
-BUSINESS MANAGER: Bill Burke, 3 Coral Tree Drive, Carlingford, 2118. Telephone 871 1207.
-PRODUCTION MANAGER: Helen Gray. TYPIST: Kath Brown.
-PRINTERS: PHil Butt, Barry Wallace, Morag Ryder, Fran Longfoot.
-* * * * * * * *
-FEBRUARY, 1986.
-Page The Hon. Bob Carr Supports a State Wilderness Act Alex Colley 2
-Jim Somerville, A.M. TT 3
-Six Brothers - The Second Colo River Trip Ainslie Morris 4
-New Members 5
-Advertisement - Belvedere Taxis, Blackheath 5
-- Eastwood Camping Centre 6
-Yerranderie 1898 to 1905 Geoff Grace 7
-What Now? Series on First Aid Ainslie Morris 9
-What's Biting You?!! - Leeches Geoff McIntosh 10
-Report on the Committee Meeting of 5/2/86 13
-Public Meeting - Friday 7 March - "Forestry & Woodchipping" 13
-The Hon. J. C. Kerin, Ministry for Primary Industry
-Advertisement - Canoe & Camping, Gladesville 14
-What Now? First Aid Answers 15
-Coolana Re-Union & Swimming Carnival 15-16 March 16
-Page 2 TEE SYDNEY BUSEWALKER February, 1986.
-THE HON. BOB GARR SUPPORTS A STATE WILDERNESS ACT.
+Established June 1931.
+A monthly bulletin of matters of interest to the Sydney Bush Walkers, Box 4476 G.P.O., Sydney, 2001. Club meetings are held every Wednesday evening from 7.45 pm at the Cahill Community Centre (Upper Hall), 34 Falcon Street, Crow's Nest.
+----
+|**Editor**|Ainslie Morris, 45 Austin Street, Lane Cove, 2066. Telephone 428 3178.|
+|**Business Manager**|Bill Burke, 3 Coral Tree Drive, Carlingford, 2118. Telephone 871 1207.|
+|**Production Manager**|Helen Gray.|
+|**Typist**|Kath Brown.|
+|**Printers**|Phil Butt, Barry Wallace, Morag Ryder, Fran Longfoot.|
+=== February, 1986 ===
+===== In This Issue: =====
+| | |Page|
+|Page The Hon. Bob Carr Supports a State Wilderness Act|Alex Colley| 2|
+|Jim Somerville, A.M.|Alex Colley| 3|
+|Six Brothers - The Second Colo River Trip|Ainslie Morris| 4|
+|New Members| | 5|
+|Yerranderie 1898 to 1905|Geoff Grace| 7|
+|What Now? Series on First Aid|Ainslie Morris| 9|
+|What's Biting You?!! - Leeches|Geoff McIntosh|10|
+|Report on the Committee Meeting of 5/2/86| |13|
+|Public Meeting - Friday 7 March - "Forestry & Woodchipping"|The Hon. J. C. Kerin, Ministry for Primary Industry|13|
+|What Now? First Aid Answers| |15|
+|Coolana Re-Union & Swimming Carnival 15-16 March| |16|
+===== Advertisements: =====
+| |Page|
+|Belvedere Taxis, Blackheath| 5|
+|Eastwood Camping Centre| 6|
+|Canoe & Camping, Gladesville|14|
+----
+===== The Hon. Bob Carr Supports A State Wilderness Act. =====
 by Alex Colley.
-It was most appropriate that the H a. Bob Carr M.P., Minister for Planning and Environment and a bushwalker, should have made his talk to the Sydney Bush Walkers on Wednesday 22nd January the occasion of the announcement of his support for a State Wilderness Act. The S.B.W., as Mr. Carr
+It was most appropriate that the Hon. Bob Carr M.P., Minister for Planning and Environment and a bushwalker, should have made his talk to the Sydney Bush Walkers on Wednesday 22nd January the occasion of the announcement of his support for a State Wilderness Act. The S.B.W., as Mr. Carr said in his opening remarks, were the first to adopt the wilderness conservation ideals inspired by Myles Dunphy and the Mountain Trails Club. (In those days wilderness was described as a "primitive area". Myles worked for the preservation of major natural areas in a series of national parks which included most of our present national parks system. The Helman report in 1976 delineated 20 wilderness areas covering a little over 1% of the eastern portion of the State.) Mr. Carr's proposal would cover 29 wilderness remnants aggregating some 7% of the State. About half of this area is outside the national parks system. The Act would enable the protection of wilderness, whatever its current status.
-said in his opening remarks, were the first to adopt the wilderness conservation ideals inspired by Myles Dunphy and the Mountain Trails Club. (In those days wilderness was described as a "primitive area". Myles worked for the preservation of major natural areas in a series of national parks which included most of our present national parks system. The Helman report in 1976 delineated 20 wilderness areas covering a little over 1% of the
-eastern portion,of the State.) Mr. Carr's proposal would cover 29 wilder-
-ness remnants aggregating some 7% of the State. About half of this area
-is outside the national parks system. The Act would enable the protection of wilderness, whatever its current status.
 The proposal for a State Wilderness Act was made to Mr. Carr at a meeting with the Colong Committee on March 8th last year. He then appointed a working committee of environmentalists and public servants to develop guidelines for wilderness legislation. The report is now near completion and will probably go to the Premier by the end of February.
-At the S.B.W. meeting he defined wilderness as a large tract of country with its land, waters, native plants and animal communities not substantially modified by humans. The means of preserving wilderness are described in
-the Wilderness Management Policy of the National Parks & Wildlife Service
+At the S.B.W. meeting he defined wilderness as a large tract of country with its land, waters, native plants and animal communities not substantially modified by humans. The means of preserving wilderness are described in the Wilderness Management Policy of the National Parks & Wildlife Service (published in the September issue of the Sydney Bushwalker). This policy is substantially in accord with that of the bushwalking movement.
-(published in the September issue of the Sydney Bushwalker). This policy
-is substantially in accord with that of the bushwalking movement.
+In support of his proposal Mr. Carr said - "I don't think it is unreasonable, as we approach the 200th year of European settlement, to seek to preserve a small part of the State essentially as it was when Europeans first stepped onto our shores. This is a responsibility that falls on this generation. In the next century the European forests will have been destroyed by acid rain; the rainforests of South-East Asia will have been logged and great areas of Africa turned into desert. Even Antarctica will be touched by pollution. Wilderness areas will be precious to a degree we cannot now conceive. Australia has a chance to conserve more than perhaps any other nation."
-In support of his proposal Mr. Carr said - "I don't think it is unreasonable, as we approach the 200th year of European settlement, to seek to preserve a small part of the State essentially as it was when Europeans first stepped onto our shores. This is a responsibility that falls on
-this generation. In the next century the European forests will have been
+The inclusion of wilderness areas in the national parks system is essential for their preservation. About half the areas are now within parks. The next step is to zone them as wilderness in park management plans. All park areas having wilderness managethent are now being reviewed, and the programme is to declare not less than three areas per year. Another means of protecting wilderness would be to add a provision to the State Constitution requiring a referendum before any wilderness zoning could be revoked. Probably the most practical means of preservation is a State Wilderness Act, because the annulment of such an act would provoke public outcry, but, as Mr. Carr made plain, the only real means of preserving wilderness is a majority of conservationists in the legislature. Mr. Carr did not extol the virtues of his Government in the conservation field. He simply read ten quotations of statements by National and Liberal leaders and parliamentarians declaring the intention of the Coalition to "review" the boundaries of national parks and permit logging within them. It was also the intention of the Opposition to transfer national parks from the Conservation portfolio to that of Resources. This would mean that they would be under the control of Mr. Matt Singleton M.P., an opponent of rainforest and other park system extensions.
-destroyed by acid rain; the rainforests of South-East Asia will have been logged and great areas of Africa turned into desert. Even Antarctica will be touched by pollution. Wilderness areas will be precious to a degree we
-cannot now conceive. Australia has a chance to conserve more than perhaps
+Mr. Carr referred to the cancellation by President Reagan of the gains in wilderness conservation introduced by President Carter as an example of the results of the accession to power of anti-conservationist legislators.
-any other nation."
-The inclusion of wilderness areas in the national parks system is
-essential for their preservation. About half the areas are now within
-parks. The next step is to zone them as wilderness in park management
-plans. All park areas having wilderness managethent are now being reviewed, and the programme is to declare not less than three areas per year. Another means of protecting wilderness would be to add a provision to the State Constitution requiring a referendum before any wilderness zoning could
-be revoked. Probably the most practical means of preservation is a State
-Wilderness Act, because the annulment of such an act would provoke public outcry, but, as Mr. Carr made plain, the only real means of preserving
-wilderness is a majority of conservationists in the legislature. Mr. Carr
-did not extol the virtues of his Government in the conservation field. He
-simply read ten quotations of statements by National and Liberal leaders and parliamentarians declaring the intention of the Coalition to "review"
-the boundaries of national parks and permit logging within them. It was
-also the intention of the Opposition to transfer national parks from the
-Conservation portfolio to that of Resources. This would mean that they
-would be under the control of Mr. Matt Singleton M.P., an opponent of rainforest and other park system extensions.
-Mr. Carr referred to the cancellation by President Reagan of the gains in wilderness conservation introduced by President Carter as an example
-of the results of the accession to power of anti-conservationist legislators.
 Other subjects covered by Mr. Carr included the control of off-road vehicle use, regional environmental plans, the ski-tube, the control of pests, and national parks in the west.
-The Off-Road Vehicles Act allows local government and land owners to declare land off bounds to off-road vehicles and the Government has Power to control vehicles in national parks, but, as bushwalkers well know, excluding them from any area is not easy, particularly in view of the lack of resources available to the N.P.W.S. It is intended to make special
-areas available for ORV use (as recommended by the SPCC).
+The Off-Road Vehicles Act allows local government and land owners to declare land off bounds to off-road vehicles and the Government has power to control vehicles in national parks, but, as bushwalkers well know, excluding them from any area is not easy, particularly in view of the lack of resources available to the N.P.W.S. It is intended to make special areas available for ORV use (as recommended by the SPCC).
-Regional environmental plans have been prepared for Kosciusko and north coastal areas, the aim being to preserve the natural features, not only of the parks, but of the countryside. Public support of the plans
-is sought. Mr. Carr supported the construction of the ski tube. It was
+Regional environmental plans have been prepared for Kosciusko and north coastal areas, the aim being to preserve the natural features, not only of the parks, but of the countryside. Public support of the plans is sought. Mr. Carr supported the construction of the ski tube. It was the aim of the Government to preserve the snow country, so that it would be the same in a hundred years as now. The ski tube would enable the provision of overnight accommodation outside the park and thereby provide for the forecasted great increase in the use of the snowfields without creating further roading, car park extension and pollution problems.
-the aim of the Government to preserve the snow country, so that it would be the same in a hundred years as now. The ski tube would enable the provision of overnight accommodation outside the park and thereby provide for the forecasted great increase in the use of the snowfields without creating further roading, car park extension and pollution problems.
 The problem of control of feral animals and weeds in parks was difficult in view of the lack of resources. As an instance, it was estimated that there could be 100,000 pigs in Kosciusko Park.
-Mr. Carr said that the western areas were under-represented in the parks system. An example of this was the Bulloo Wilderness of 881,000 ha
-east of Sturt, which he described as "a classic arid habitat of salt bush and flood plain".
-Nature conservationists in this state are fortunate in having dedicated conservationists such as Mr. Wran, the late Paul Landa, and now Bob Carr adopting their cause. As Mr. Carr pointed out, the area of national parks
-has been doubled since the present Government took office. One third of the coastline is now in national parks, and our system is rated by the
-I.U.C.N. as one of the five best in the world. However, development
-interests opposed to conservation are both wealthy and influential. Only
-determined action to win more supporters and parliamentarians to our side will secure these gains against those who hope to exploit our wilderness remnants.
-JIM SOMERVILLE, A.M.
+Mr. Carr said that the western areas were under-represented in the parks system. An example of this was the Bulloo Wilderness of 881,000 ha east of Sturt, which he described as "a classic arid habitat of salt bush and flood plain".
+Nature conservationists in this state are fortunate in having dedicated conservationists such as Mr. Wran, the late Paul Landa, and now Bob Carr adopting their cause. As Mr. Carr pointed out, the area of national parks has been doubled since the present Government took office. One third of the coastline is now in national parks, and our system is rated by the I.U.C.N. as one of the five best in the world. However, development interests opposed to conservation are both wealthy and influential. Only determined action to win more supporters and parliamentarians to our side will secure these gains against those who hope to exploit our wilderness remnants.
+----
+===== Jim Somerville, A.M. =====
 by Alex Colley.
-Another bushwalker, Jim Somerville, an ex-member of the Coast & Mountain Walker's, has been honoured for "service to conservation". He
+Another bushwalker, Jim Somerville, an ex-member of the Coast & Mountain Walkers, has been honoured for "service to conservation". He has been made a Member of the Order of Australia.
-has been made a Member of the Order of Australia.
 Jim was a member of the Colong Committee from its inception in 1968, and took a leading part in the Colong and Boyd campaigns, being Chairman of the Committee from 1972 to 1975. When Colong and the Boyd were saved, he threw himself into the rainforest campaign and his research on alternative timber supplies and his tenacity may well have been the deciding factor in saving the rainforests.
-Soon after his retirement, after 30 years as accountant to Qantas, he was appointed, in 1977, as a Commissioner of the State Pollution Control Commission and continued in that office till last year. He has been treasurer of the Nature Conservation Council of N.S.W. since 1977, and is honorary auditor for the Total Environment Centre and other conservation organisations. For 38 years, until 1981, he was a member of the Heathcote
-National Park Advisory Committee.
+Soon after his retirement, after 30 years as accountant to Qantas, he was appointed, in 1977, as a Commissioner of the State Pollution Control Commission and continued in that office till last year. He has been treasurer of the Nature Conservation Council of N.S.W. since 1977, and is honorary auditor for the Total Environment Centre and other conservation organisations. For 38 years, until 1981, he was a member of the Heathcote National Park Advisory Committee.
 Congratulations, Jim, on your thoroughly earned honour.
-SIX BROTHERS.
+----
+===== Six Brothers. =====
 by Ainslie Morris.
-The Second Colo River Trip led by Don Finch 15,16,17 November 1985.
+=== The Second Colo River Trip led by Don Finch 15,16,17 November 1985. ===
 The gathering in the pub at Windsor near the bridge over the Nepean consisted of a few innocents and several wise men and women. Or were we any the wiser after the first Colo River trip classified by Don as "medium"? I'd have called that 50 km upstream from Pass 6 to Glen Davis "hard". This weekend going downstream was to show me why those bludgers coming down from Glen Davis called it only "medium".
-The bushwalker's maxim - down is easier than up - definitely applies to the Colo River, that is, once you actually get down into it. Having descended precipitately down Pass 5, I was interested to see what Pass 6 really had to offer. But first we had to get to it.
-Friday night saw our group of cars move on to the Six Brothers 1:25000 map and pull off the Putty Road to park at map reference 808191 in order the better to savour the comfort of warmth and dryness as the rain storm dropped the lot outside. As the torrential downpour eased a fraction, our leader had us out in order to demonstrate the ephemeral nature of dryness. While some took the vehicles round onto the Grassy Hill fire trail for our return to Sydney, Carol Bruce led us off along the Culoul Range fire trail. It was dark
+The bushwalker's maxim - down is easier than up - definitely applies to the Colo River, that is, once you actually get down into it. Having descended precipitately down Pass 5½, I was interested to see what Pass 6 really had to offer. But first we had to get to it.
-and wet, so we just shut our eyes and walked on, dreaming of the insides of cars.
+Friday night saw our group of cars move on to the Six Brothers 1:25000 map and pull off the Putty Road to park at map reference 808191 in order the better to savour the comfort of warmth and dryness as the rain storm dropped the lot outside. As the torrential downpour eased a fraction, our leader had us out in order to demonstrate the ephemeral nature of dryness. While some took the vehicles round onto the Grassy Hill fire trail for our return to Sydney, Carol Bruce led us off along the Culoul Range fire trail. It was dark and wet, so we just shut our eyes and walked on, dreaming of the insides of cars.
 Soon the leader and drivers caught us up, and a few kilometres were covered until we, and what was left of our leader, decided to camp. As tents and flies were put up the mossies took shelter from the rain, and we snatched a few hours sleep. Saturday morning dawned absolutely beautiful and the sun shone all day and on Sunday, only letting up on Saturday night, which was mossie-free on the Colo.
@@ Line 110: / Line 103: @@
 So we drifted down, not at all cold, and keeping direction by using our legs like paddle wheels and hand-sculling steadily. At the cascades we checked the rocks and force of the water, and it was either a walkaround or a "Here she goes!" It was great. Then another long drift in a pool, either chatting or quietly contemplating the fantastic cliffs above. Sculpted into half-caves like seashells, overhangs twisted out in curlicues, the cliffs rose in apricot and peach creams and pinks and orange hues all the way up their two hundred metre heights. Oh, glorious wilderness!
-Boorai Creek offered clean fresh water and a wide sandy bwil opposite for a campsite. We swam, sunbathed, and dried off wet sleeping bags. Silly me did not tie up my canyon bag properly. A campfire and yarning under the stars, and a good rest for a fairly hard day on the morrow.
+Boorai Creek offered clean fresh water and a wide sandy beach opposite for a campsite. We swam, sunbathed, and dried off wet sleeping bags. Silly me did not tie up my canyon bag properly. A campfire and yarning under the stars, and a good rest for a fairly hard day on the morrow.
-Again we cascaded down, while most of the party boulder-scrambled along the sides, some frequently recrossing the river to gain easier going. We did a total of 12 km of river from Pass 6, and took the Canoe Creek exit at 741138 on the Colo Heights 1:25000 map. I had spent seven hours in the water;
+Again we cascaded down, while most of the party boulder-scrambled along the sides, some frequently recrossing the river to gain easier going. We did a total of 12 km of river from Pass 6, and took the Canoe Creek exit at 741138 on the Colo Heights 1:25000 map. I had spent seven hours in the water; and to think on Friday night I didn't like water! Horizontal water, however, has its charms, and the Colo is most spectacular in this section, rewarding the effort of getting in and out of it.
-and to think on Friday night I didn't like water! Horizontal water, however, has its charms, and the Colo is most spectacular in this section, rewarding the effort of getting in and out of it.
+----
-NEW MEMBERS.
+=== New Members. ===
 Please add the following names to your List of Members:-
-ARNOTT, Wendy, 55 Braeside Street, Wahroonga, 2076 Phone 48 3146
-LOVELL, Narelle, 11/6 Kynaston Avenue, Randwick, 2031 n 398 7962
-McINTOSH, David, 40/2-6 Abbott Street, Coogee, 2034 " 665 0109
-WEST, David, 4/20 Sheehy Street, Glebe, 2037 " 692 8603
-YERRANDERIE 1898 TO 1905
+  * Arnott, Wendy, 55 Braeside Street, Wahroonga, 2076. Phone 48 3146.
+  * Lovell, Narelle, 11/6 Kynaston Avenue, Randwick, 2031. Phone 398 7962.
+  * McIntosh, David, 40/2-6 Abbott Street, Coogee, 2034. Phone 665 0109.
+  * West, David, 4/20 Sheehy Street, Glebe, 2037. Phone 692 8603.
+----
+=== Belvedere Taxis Blackheath. =====
+seater mini bus taxi. 041-87 8366.
+Kanagra Boyd. Upper Blue Mountains. Six Foot Track.
+Pick up anywhere for start or finish of your walk - by prior arrangement.
+Share the fare - competitive rates.
+----
+=== Eastwood Camping Centre. ===
+__Bushwalkers__.
+Lightweight Tents - Sleeping Bags - Rucksacks - Climbing & Caving Gear - Maps - Clothing - Boots - Food.
+__Camping equipment__.
+Large Tents - Stoves - Lamps - Folding Furniture.
+__Distributors of__:
+Paddymade - Karrimor - Berghaus - Hallmark - Bergans - Caribee - Fairydown - Silva - Primus - Companion - and all leading brands.
+Proprietors: Jack & Nancy Fox. Sales Manager: David Fox.
+Eastwood Canvas Good & Camping Supplies.
+Trelawney St., Eastwood, NSW, 2122. Phone 858 2775.
+----
+===== Yerranderie 1898 To 1905. =====
 by Geoff Grace.
@@ Line 130: / Line 160: @@
 Following the November Sydney Bushwalker in which a walk incorporating Yerranderie was reported, it seems timely to offer the following information describing the early years of mining at Yerranderie Field. It comes from a very old journal about mining in NSW.
-YERRANDERIE FIELD Known twenty years ago, it was not till the late nineties that the Yerranderie field was first practically exploited. The field is only 42 miles by rail and 41 miles by road from Sydney, but it is that 41 miles of road that has so long stood in the way of advancement. Waggon and railway freights in getting the ore to the smelters total some four pounds per ton of ore, and how great a handicap that has been need not be insisted upon. The country is one of small lodes, but if small, they are rich, and there is no reason to suppose that they are not permanent. The yield of the mines of the field for the past six years is as follows :-
+=== Yerranderie Field. ===
-Year Ore raised Gold ' Silver Lead Nett Value
-and sold Oz.  Oz. Tons Received
-Tons 101  58,527 118 Pounds
---- 616 174  86,017 125 9,125
---- 952 306  146,018 229 11,000
---- 1,553 308  145,275 217 18,373
---- 1,293 550  263,621 448 18,304
- --- 3,733 707  243,403 451 32,068
- --- 3,527     37,599
-,674 2,146  942,861 1,588 126,469
-Colon Peaks The first considerable mine on the field was
-Bartlett's, which is now the property of the Colon Peaks Silver Mining Co.N.L. The outcrop of a lode was found in a gully, and Mr.Bartlett (formerly a Government road superintendent) took up the land under an authority to enter in February, 1898. He retained all interests in the area, and the lode, although averaging less than two feet, and dwindling away in places to an inch, has proved payable throughout, while occasionally rich shoots of ore, yielding several hundred ounces of silver to the ton, have been encountered. The company that is now in possession of the property holds leases of 135 acres, giving a length of more than 70 chains along the line of lode. The bulk of the shares are held by Mr.Bartlett, and Mr.Bartlett jun. is the mine manager. The plant includes a powerful boiler and double winding engine, and an air compressor working two rock drills. A concentrating plant for thetreatment of the second grade ore, of which there is a considerable quantity at grass, is in course of erection.
-contd..
-Yerranderie
+Known twenty years ago, it was not till the late nineties that the Yerranderie field was first practically exploited. The field is only 42 miles by rail and 41 miles by road from Sydney, but it is that 41 miles of road that has so long stood in the way of advancement. Waggon and railway freights in getting the ore to the smelters total some four pounds per ton of ore, and how great a handicap that has been need not be insisted upon. The country is one of small lodes, but if small, they are rich, and there is no reason to suppose that they are not permanent. The yield of the mines of the field for the past six years is as follows :-
+|Year|Ore raised and sold Tons|Gold Oz.|Silver Oz.|Lead Tons|Nett Value Received Pounds|
+|1900|616|101|58,527|118|9,125|
+|1901|952|174|86,017|125|11,000|
+|1902|1,553|306|146,018|229|18,373|
+|1903|1,293|308|145,275|217|18,304|
+|1904|3,733|550|263,621|448|32,068|
+|1905|3,527|707|243,403|451|37,599|
+|TOTAL|11,674|2,146|942,861|1,588|126,469|
+=== Colon Peaks. ===
+The first considerable mine on the field was Bartlett's, which is now the property of the Colon Peaks Silver Mining Co.N.L. The outcrop of a lode was found in a gully, and Mr. Bartlett (formerly a Government road superintendent) took up the land under an authority to enter in February, 1898. He retained all interests in the area, and the lode, although averaging less than two feet, and dwindling away in places to an inch, has proved payable throughout, while occasionally rich shoots of ore, yielding several hundred ounces of silver to the ton, have been encountered. The company that is now in possession of the property holds leases of 135 acres, giving a length of more than 70 chains along the line of lode. The bulk of the shares are held by Mr. Bartlett, and Mr. Bartlett jun. is the mine manager. The plant includes a powerful boiler and double winding engine, and an air compressor working two rock drills. A concentrating plant for the treatment of the second grade ore, of which there is a considerable quantity at grass, is in course of erection.
+=== Yerranderie. ===
+The Yerranderie is not only the principal mine on the field, but one of the most profitable little mining properties in the State. The story of the event that led up to its idevelopment is an extraordinary one, and is thus told:- Mr. T.J. Hilder was keeping an hotel in Picton in 1899, and hearing of Mr. Bartlett's luck, arranged with his brother-in-law, Mr. C.S. Dobson, a dairy farmer, to go to the field and prospect it. Mr. Hilder started off in a cart, and after an adventurous trip reached Yerranderie in three days. The community was then a small one. The new-comer - he has told the story often himself - approached one of the few, and told him he had taken up a piece of ground while in Picton, and wanted to know how to go about prospecting it. "You have to find an outcrop first," the older hand replied. "Can you show me one?" said Mr.Hilder. "No, but theres Chiddy over there; if you give him ten bob I think he'll be able to do it." A bargain was struck with Chiddy on those terms, and the green prospector was taken to a gully some distance North-East of Bartlett's shaft, and there shown a reef projecting just above the surface. From that load six hundred thousand pounds worth of ore has been taken in six years, and Mr. Hilder is the manager of the mine in which it occurs. In 1901 the Yerranderie Silver Mining No Liability was formed with a nominal capital of ten thousand pounds in one pound shares, five thousand of which were issued as paid up to the vendors. The remainder paid up to ten shillings were taken up principally by the vendors themselves and a call of two and sixpence was made on them. That six hundred and twenty five pounds was all the capital put into the company; and up to date 21 dividends for an aggregate sum of six thousand seven hundred and fifty pounds have been paid, additions to the plant to the extent of fully three thousand pounds have been made, and a reserve of two thousand pounds at fixed deposit has been accumulated.
+All this has been done out of a lode not more than three feet through in its thickest part, and varying to a few inches. The average width may be about a foot. Today the shaft is down 630 feet, following the course of the underlay at an angle of about 29 degrees. From the 100 feet level to the bottom there are levels at every 50 feet, and the longest drive along the course of the lode is 1050 feet. Where there is a change in the ore at the extremeties of the shaft or the levels it is generally for the better. Last year the ore despatched to Cockle Creek for treatment - it was picked first grade stuff - yielded a nett return of ten pounds one shilling and six pence per ton, and the average metal contents for the mine have been 100 ozs silver, 17 % lead, and from 4 dwt to 5 dwt gold. In 1904 about 1700 tons of second grade ore from the mine were sent to Cockle Creek, and averaged 40 or 50 ounces of silver per ton, returning a profit of over one pound per ton. A new contract has been made with the Sulphide Corporation.
+The company has an area of 80 acres, with 600 yards along the line of lode, which is parallel to Bartlett's, but about a quarter of a mile to the north. This lode has been traced for about two miles east, passing through the property of the Burragorang Silver Mining Co.N.L. on which little has yet been done.
-The Yerranderie is not only the principal mine on the field, but one of the most profitable little mining properties in the State. The story of the event that led up to its idevelopment is an extraordinary one, and is thus told:-- Mr.T.J.Hilder was keeping an hotel in Picton in 1899, and hearing of Mr.Bartlett's luck, arranged with his brother-in-law, Mr.C.S.Dobson, a dairy farmer, to go to the field and prospect it. Mr.Hilder started off in a cart, and after an adventurous trip reached Yerranderie in three days. The community was then a small one. The new-comer - be has told the story often himself - approached one of the few, and told him he had taken up a piece of ground while in Picton, and wanted to know how to go about prospecting it. "You have to find an outcrop first,- the older hand replied. "Can you show me one?" said Mr.Hilder. "No, but theres Chiddy over thelc; if you give him ten bob I think he'll be able to do it." A bargain was struck with Chiddy on thoseterms, and the green prospector was taken to a gully some distance North-Eastof Bartlett's shaft, and there shown a reef projecting just above the surface. From that load six hundred thousand pounds worth of ore has been taken in six years,andMr.Hilder is the manager of the mine in which it occurs. In 1901 the Yerranderie Silver Mining No Liability was formed with a nominal capital of ten thousand pounds in one pound shares, five thousand of which were issued as paid up to the vendors. The remainder paid up to ten shillings were taken up principally by the vendors themselves and a call of two and sixpence was made on them. That six hundred and twenty five pounds was all the capital put into the company; and up to date 21 dividends for an aggregate sum of six thousand seven hundred and fifty pounds have been paid, additions to the plant to the extent of fully three thousand pounds have been made, and a reserve of two thousand pounds at fixed deposit has been accumulated.
-All this has been done out of a lode not more than three feet through in its thickest part, and varying to a few inches. The average width may be about a foot/. Today the shaft is down 630 feet, following the course of theunderlay at an angle of about 29 degrees, From the 100 feet level to the bottom there are levels at every 50 feet, and the longest drive along the course of the lode is 1050 feet. Where there is a change in the ore at the extremeties of the shaft or the levels it is generally for the better. Last year the ore despatched to Cockle Creek for treatment - it was picked first grade stuff - yielded a nett return
-of ten pounds one shilling and six pence per ton, and the average metal contents for the mine have been 100 ozs silver, 17 % lead, and from 4 dwt to 5 dwt gold. In 1904 about 1700 tons of second grade ore from the mine were sent to Cockle Creek, and averaged 40 or 50 ounces of silver per ton, returning a profit of over one pound per ton. A new contract has been made with the Sulphide Corporation.
-The company has an area of 80 acres, with 600 yards along the line of lode, which is parallel to Bartlett's, but about a quarter of a mile to the north. This lode has been traced for about two miles east, passing through the property of the Burragorang Silver Mining Co,N.L. on which little has yet been done.
 Contributed by Geoff Grace.
-WHAT NOW?
+----
-Series on FIRST AID. by Ainslie Morris.
+===== What Now? =====
+=== Series on First Aid. ===
+by Ainslie Morris.
+This article describes a situation which rarely occurs (and so far has never occurred on an S.B.W. walk - touch wood!). It is, however, a life-threatening situation and the most up-to-date treatment is directed by continuing research.
+=== Situation 6: ===
-This article describes a situation which rarely occurs (and so far has never occurred on an S.B.W. walk - touch wood!). It is, however, a life- threatening situation and the most up-to-date treatment is directed by continuing research.
-SITUATION 6:
 A member of the party returns to the campfire and says something has bitten the calf area of the leg.
-PLACE: On a creek bank 5 km from a firetrail, level but rough.
-SYMPTOMS: Nothing for an hour, then complained of headache and feeling "sick". Pain develops in the chest, and diarrhoea.
+__Place__: On a creek bank 5 km from a firetrail, level but rough.
-SIGNS: Scratches on calf area with red swelling. Person looks sweaty
-and faint, and has difficulty breathing after one hour. Vomiting then starts.
+__Symptoms__: Nothing for an hour, then complained of headache and feeling "sick". Pain develops in the chest, and diarrhoea.
-Note: The danger is that he/she may have gone to bed soon after being bitten, and not get up to complain of sickness. It is best to treat  seriously any complaint of being bitten. Symptoms may occur from about
- minutes to 2 hours after being bitten. Don't wait for all the symptoms to appear - treat immediately.
+__Signs__: Scratches on calf area with red swelling. Person looks sweaty and faint, and has difficulty breathing __after one hour__. Vomiting then starts.
+__Note__: The danger is that he/she may have gone to bed soon after being bitten, and not get up to complain of sickness. It is best to __treat seriously any complaint of being bitten__. Symptoms may occur from about __15 minutes to 2 hours after being bitten__. Don't wait for all the symptoms to appear - treat immediately.
 What is your -
-(1) IMMEDIATE ACTION?
-(2) ASSESSMENT OF BITE?
-(3) TREATMENT OF - BITE?
-CASUALTY?
-(4) FURTHER ACTION?
-For ANSWERS turn to page 15.
+(1) Immediate action?
+(2) Assessment of bite?
+(3) Treatment of Bite? Treatment of casualty?
+(4) Further action?
+For answers turn to page 15.
+----
+=== Notice Of Annual First Aid Course. ===
+__Weekend__: Saturday 22nd and Sunday 23rd March, l986.
+__Cost__: $39 for St. John Ambulance Basic First Aid Certificate or upgrading.
+__Place__: Police Rescue Headquarters, Marrickville.
+__Instructor__: Grace Matts.
+__Bookings__: Ainslie Morris - 428 3178.
-NOTICE OF ANNUAL FIRST AID COURSE.
+Cheque payable to St. John Ambulance. Sent to: Ainslie Morris, 45 Austin Street, Lane Cove, 2066.
-Weekend: Saturday 22nd and Sunday 23rd March, l986.
+----
- Cost: $39 for St. John Ambulance Basic First Aid Certificate or upgrading.
-Place: Police Rescue Headquarters, Marrickville.
-Instructor: GRACE MATTS.
-Bookings: Ainslie Morris - 428 3178.
-Cheque payable to St. John Ambulance.
-Sent to: Ainslie Morris, 45 Austin Street, Lane Cove, 2066.
 WHAT'S BITING YOU?!! - LEECHES.