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 And so do I.
-FISHING AND THE BUSHWALKER
+=====Fishing and the Bushwalker.=====
 A.L. Wyborn.
-My introduction to the art of angling was at the ago of four. But in my youth I became an ardent follower of the game. Father brought me up in the hardest school - that is, rock fishing along the ocean front, where great care was needed to prevent being washed off the rocks by rough seas. The
-high cliffs between Bronte and Clovelly gave plenty of scope for rockclimbing; and rockhopping (which has been of use in bushwalking) became easy as I explored among the rock pools getting crabs or cuajovoi for bait,
+My introduction to the art of angling was at the age of four. But in my youth I became an ardent follower of the game. Father brought me up in the hardest school - that is, rock fishing along the ocean front, where great care was needed to prevent being washed off the rocks by rough seas. The high cliffs between Bronte and Clovelly gave plenty of scope for rockclimbing; and rockhopping (which has been of use in bushwalking) became easy as I explored among the rock pools getting crabs or cunjevoi for bait.
-Leaving fishing in salt water out as an entirely separate subject, there remains of course the fresh water, and the large number of creeks and rivers in New South Wales givesgreat scope for fish:=.ag. The great majority of bushwalkers are not aware of the pleasure they Eq.:re missing, perhaps they think that the trouble and extra gear is too much4 in any case, they say there is,no time on a walk, forgetting they are often camped from dusk to well after dawn beside some suitable stream.
-A bushwalkerfs gear of necessity must be light - "count every quarter of an ounce" - and what follows is my own personal experience of fishing with this in view. Improvisation takes the place of high class equipment and yet there la still the thrill of pulling in the catch with some practical object in view.
+Leaving fishing in salt water out as an entirely separate subject, there remains of course the fresh water, and the large number of creeks and rivers in New South Wales gives great scope for fishing. The great majority of bushwalkers are not aware of the pleasure they are missing, perhaps they think that the trouble and extra gear is too much; in any case, they say there is no time on a walk, forgetting they are often camped from dusk to well after dawn beside some suitable stream.
-The trout without question offers the best fun.. They have been placed in all our cold, swift running streams, such as the Snowy, Murrumbidgee, Goobarraganda and Goodradigbee in the Southern Alps; and the New England streams in the North, but certain regulations have to be observed. Trout may be taken only with rod and line (no tickling) and must be over twelve inches long. A rod license is required and the open season usually is October to April. The prohibition of the taking of more than ten in any one day is not likely to worry any bushwalker. A five foot length of dead acacia may be used for a rod, with about fifteen feet of trout line tied to the end, and the wet type of artificial fly for a lure.
-Early morning or late afternoon is considered the beet time. Take up a secluded position, and get the fly bobbing about near the top of the water, preferably where a small cascade ends and the still water starts, for here the trout face upstream on the lookout for insects. Do not be anxious to land the fish once on, but play him till he tires, and bring near the bank by pulling on the line, grasping the trout through the gills, while still in the water if possible. Then comes the cooking. One way without utensils is just to remove thq inside, and place the trout on not too hot ashes, about ten minutes each side. The scales and shin make a protective layer on the coals, keeping the natural juices in, and are afterwards easily peeled off. Ahl how delicious are these salmonidae. -
+A bushwalker's gear of necessity must be light - "count every quarter of an ounce" - and what follows is my own personal experience of fishing with this in view. Improvisation takes the place of high class equipment and yet there is still the thrill of pulling in the catch with some practical object in view.
-Closely allied to trout fishing is the quest of the eastern freshwater perch or Australian bass with larger artificial flies or sPinner, a number 3 hook being used. I have also used small frogs or grasshoppers with success,the frogs being easily found under small river stones. All-:streams flowing east from the Great aride contain perch. In the summer they are surface feeders. They lie in the shade cif overhanging banks or bushes and dart like lightning at a nicely presented fly. When hooked they dive straight for the nearest nest of snags, and the necessity for a strong line will be apparent. During the winter they hunt the bottom and feed on smaller fish, worms and frogs.
+The trout without question offers the best fun. They have been placed in all our cold, swift running streams, such as the Snowy, Murrumbidgee, Goobarraganda and Goodradigbee in the Southern Alps; and the New England streams in the North, but certain regulations have to be observed. Trout may be taken only with rod and line (no tickling) and must be over twelve inches long. A rod license is required and the open season usually is October to April. The prohibition of the taking of more than ten in any one day is not likely to worry any bushwalker. A five foot length of dead acacia may be used for a rod, with about fifteen feet of trout line tied to the end, and the wet type of artificial fly for a lure.
-. Murray cod frequent nal the largewestern flowing rivers where, there Are
-. .
+Early morning or late afternoon is considered the best time. Take up a secluded position, and get the fly bobbing about near the top of the water, preferably where a small cascade ends and the still water starts, for here the trout face upstream on the lookout for insects. Do not be anxious to land the fish once on, but play him till he tires, and bring near the bank by pulling on the line, grasping the trout through the gills, while still in the water if possible. Then comes the cooking. One way without utensils is just to remove the inside, and place the trout on not too hot ashes, about ten minutes each side. The scales and shin make a protective layer on the coals, keeping the natural juices in, and are afterwards easily peeled off. Ah! how delicious are these salmonidae.
-deep stretches of Water. For places frequanted by walkers,- I- have in, mind; Murrumbidgee near Canberra and the Upper Murray. at To Ciroggin. A strong hand" line is necessary, for these fish have 'great 'strength ikrid the ifumber 7/0 hook should be baited with a large frog, inussa-s-,Parts- of bilLds rrAtits4-ii fac any kihd of flesh. night fishlIng briAss best - results *nd't vet line- Overnight's takes Up very little of -on0,s time.- One warning do not lift the fish through the gills as there are sh%ilo edges itside Which can cause A nasty gash;-ot co-urse, we could not lift the hundred pouridor at all. October And November i81.the GlOg season,
-wh4n, ,spawna_n-g ,va-kas _
+Closely allied to trout fishing is the quest of the eastern freshwater perch or Australian bass with larger artificial flies or spinner, a number 3 hook being used. I have also used small frogs or grasshoppers with success, the frogs being easily found under small river stones. All streams flowing east from the Great Divide contain perch. In the summer they are surface feeders. They lie in the shade of overhanging banks or bushes and dart like lightning at a nicely presented fly. When hooked they dive straight for the nearest nest of snags, and the necessity for a strong line will be apparent. During the winter they hunt the bottom and feed on smaller fish, worms and frogs.
-Next to trout. 1;11111.1; I h-ayik had-, mory tun with eels than any other inh-ab itant of our streams; prz bab2..ry they are -so- easy to catch And so abunchlt tvary pool in small ca.-eek,tr river seem il to. have its eel, or perhaps I should say every eel seems to have its part of a pool. Eels are found on both side0 of the Divide;tazt comparatively-little is known of their habits. Theo- females grow much
-larger,. th ant:the andAnake extretie:trlong journeys -Cdverland if necessary) to the oceans to spawn,- J while- the male remains away upstream.
+Murray cod frequent all the large western flowing rivers where there are deep stretches of water. For places frequanted by walkers, I have in mind the Murrumbidgee near Canberra and the Upper Murray at Tom Groggin. A strong hand line is necessary, for these fish have great strength and the number 7/0 hook should be baited with a large frog, mussels, parts of birds or rabbits, in fact any kihd of flesh. Night fishing brings best results and a set line overnight takes up very little of one's time. One warning - do not lift the fish through the gills as there are sharp edges itside which can cause a nasty gash; of course, we could not lift the hundred pounder at all. October and November is the closed season, when spawning takes place.
-Y.Ou 0/11-1- 6,ay ,"fazr(*. eating those slizny thinge'll but once prej4 dice
-is overa.Onlle'':'3314ii
+Next to trout I think I have had more fun with eels than any other inhabitant of our streams; probably because they are so easy to catch and so abundant. Every pool in small creek or river seems to have its eel, or perhaps I should say every eel seems to have its part of a pool. Eels are found on both sides of the Divide but comparatively little is known of their habits. The females grow much larger than the males and make extremely long journeys (overland if necessary) to the oceans to spawn, while the male remains away upstream.
-:ii 01an,wilite" flesh is tasted, no further persuasion will be necessary-; htht Wa must catchour eel,. and one up to about three to four feet
-weighing four to eighty pounds is beet for eating. A strong hand line is needed-, using a nutter 6/0 hook or number 9/0 hook for large eels. The hook being preferably. attached by four inches of wire trace to prevent cutting by the many row's of teeth or rather serrations, 14 the eel's mouth. Frogs, grubs or any kind of meat can be used for bait. They will take even a piece of salami sauea ge being, 1 think, the only living creatures to do this, not counting bushwalkers.
+"Ugh!" you will say, "fancy eating those slizny things", but once prejudice is overcome and the clean white flesh is tasted, no further persuasion will be necessary. First we must catch our eel, and one up to about three to four feet weighing four to eight pounds is best for eating. A strong hand line is needed, using a number 6/0 hook or number 9/0 hook for large eels. The hook being preferably attached by four inches of wire trace to prevent cutting by the many row's of teeth or rather serrations, in the eel's mouth. Frogs, grubs or any kind of meat can be used for bait. They will take even a piece of salami sausage being, I think, the only living creatures to do this, not counting bushwalkers.
-eels can be caught any ;time, but easiest at night when they always venture fromtheir rocky homos. Again the zet line may be used tied to a tree perhaps - and the eel picked up next morning - it s so simple. If you were to wait for the demise- of an-eel after taking it out of water, you would die of starvation, so the best Way-is to dispatch it quickly by knife through the brain. Then comes the job of skinning before cleaning. Cut a hole in the lower jaw and hook the eel by this 'to a broken twig on a tree. Then cut the skin right round the body close to the ,head and use two hands, with sand if necessary for a grip, to peel the skin right back and off, the tail. The -eel may be boiled, fried or wound round a stick and grilled d'Ia'barbiocue, but very large eels require boiling first to ramove the fattimiss.
--ca,,ayfish rasp provide a limited amount of meat but should be caught only fo-od 3-6 urgently needed, as they are the scavengers which help to keep our creeks clean. When brought to the surface hanging to the bait, a walker would have to tip them .by hand. Quickness is neede_d here to grasp them by the back of the headIfor the large nippers on. some of these crustaceans could damage a man's finger.
+eels can be caught any time, but easiest at night when they always venture from their rocky homes. Again the set line may be used - tied to a tree perhaps - and the eel picked up next morning - it is so simple. If you were to wait for the demise of an eel after taking it out of water, you would die of starvation, so the best way is to dispatch it quickly by knife through the brain. Then comes the job of skinning before cleaning. Cut a hole in the lower jaw and hook the eel by this to a broken twig on a tree. Then cut the skin right round the body close to the head and use two hands, with sand if necessary for a grip, to peel the skin right back and off the tail. The eel may be boiled, fried or wound round a stick and grilled a la barbecue, but very large eels require boiling first to remove the fattiness.
- This idea of combining a little fishing with bushwalking can give consi4- erableplpasure, especially on long trips, where a little time can be' allowed on the itinerary., and A rest is gainedat ths same time. Then,toot freslz. meat is very often welcome-and lendS liarietY td titt;i "taele we are forced to oarry.
-The weight of fishing gear is negligible, just a few well chosen hooks, artificial flies and a piece of line, yet in an emergency, such ag getting lost, these few extras could mean sustenance for a considerable time.
+Crayfish also provide a limited amount of meat but should be caught only if food is urgently needed, as they are the scavengers which help to keep our creeks clean. When brought to the surface hanging to the bait, a walker would have to take them by hand. Quickness is needed here to grasp them by the back of the head for the large nippers on some of these crustaceans could damage a man's finger.
-THERMOSTATS FOR BUSHWALKES (PART 11) By "Bush Chemist"
-Man, though he may be cold-hearted, is warm-blooded, and his body temperature normally remains amazingly constant at 98.4 degrees F. Most folk 0 know that the body is cooled by the evaporation of sweat from the sebaceous
+This idea of combining a little fishing with bushwalking can give considerable pleasure, especially on long trips, where a little time can be allowed on the itinerary, and a rest is gained at ths same time. Then, too, fresh meat is very often welcome and lends variety to the dried "tack" we are forced to carry.
-glands, with which the skin is abu-ede.,1.nt1y provided. As it requires heat to evaporate water - ask any boiler attendant - the body loses heat according to the amount of perspiration evaporated.
-A noteworthy point is at once apparent. If -,ou are perspiring profusely in the body's attem-es to keep cool, don't mop your face. Nature intended the tieet to evaporate on the skin, and if you make it evaporate from your handl:eeeh-i,ef instead, that is so much water wasted as far as its cooling effect goes.
+The weight of fishing gear is negligible, just a few well chosen hooks, artificial flies and a piece of line, yet in an emergency, such as getting lost, these few extras could mean sustenance for a considerable time.
-The other side of the temrerature regulation question is how the body keeps warm. The answer is, by burning up food in muscular exertion. That may be all-very well, you say, while walking or taking other active exercise. How about when the body is at rest?
+=====Thermostats For Bushwalkers (Part 11).=====
+By "Bush Chemist"
+Man, though he may be cold-hearted, is warm-blooded, and his body temperature normally remains amazingly constant at 98.4 degrees F. Most folk know that the body is cooled by the evaporation of sweat from the sebaceous glands, with which the skin is abundantly provided. As it requires heat to evaporate water - ask any boiler attendant - the body loses heat according to the amount of perspiration evaporated.
+A noteworthy point is at once apparent. If you are perspiring profusely in the body's attempts to keep cool, don't mop your face. Nature intended the sweat to evaporate on the skin, and if you make it evaporate from your handkerchief instead, that is so much water wasted as far as its cooling effect goes.
+The other side of the temrerature regulation question is how the body keeps warm. The answer is, by burning up food in muscular exertion. That may be all very well, you say, while walking or taking other active exercise. How about when the body is at rest?
 When the body is resting or sleeping, the majority of the required warmth comes from the muscular exertion of breathing. Should this not be sufficient to maintain that 98.4 degrees, more muscles must be exercised, so what does the body do? It shivers.
-Once in my tenderfoot days I shivered vigorously and continuously for about four hours, while sleeping in camp at Katoombal in midwinter, with only one blanket between me and the cold, hard world. It was really remarkable that after a while the steady shivering made me almost comfortably warm, and certainly tte night passed with no ill effects, not even a cold.
-To warm up after that chilling reminiscence, let us imagine a blazing hot summer day, and a party of walkers making their way some Place, preferably to the nearest swimming pool. What headgear do they wear if they are wise?.-- white hats, the reason being that white reflects away the sun's rays, while dark colours or black trap the infra red and high frequency heat waves, converting them all to low frequency waves of tangible heat. (A further advantage of white lets if, of courne that they make it easier for the Search and Rescue party to see you when you ae e lost).
+Once in my tenderfoot days I shivered vigorously and continuously for about four hours, while sleeping in camp at Katoomba, in midwinter, with only one blanket between me and the cold, hard world. It was really remarkable that after a while the steady shivering made me almost comfortably warm, and certainly the night passed with no ill effects, not even a cold.
-Finalj y, a cheering note for those who dislike the chores around the camp. By an extension of the winciple mentioned in connection with hats, we know that a bright metallic surface such as a polished billy tends to reflect away the heat waves of your fire, while a smoked or black surface absorbs nearly all, the heat waves striking it. Hence a blackened billy will boil faster, Aher things being equal, than a bright and shining one. The solution is, in general, to clean only the inside of your billy and let the outside stay biztck, However, watch that you don't acquire a thick black coating of ash plus weod-tar, as this acts as an excellent insulator and often accounts for a billy which is very slow to boil.
-NIGHT SCENE "M. Bacon"
+To warm up after that chilling reminiscence, let us imagine a blazing hot summer day, and a party of walkers making their way some place, preferably to the nearest swimming pool. What headgear do they wear if they are wise? -- white hats, the reason being that white reflects away the sun's rays, while dark colours or black trap the infra red and high frequency heat waves, converting them all to low frequency waves of tangible heat. (A further advantage of white hats is, of course, that they make it easier for the Search and Rescue party to see you when you are lost).
-."HOW GREEN WAS MY VALLEY" was a picture noted for many things.
-Not the least was the glorious choral singing which was used as a background almost throughout. the picture.
+Finally, a cheering note for those who dislike the chores around the camp. By an extension of the principle mentioned in connection with hats, we know that a bright metallic surface such as a polished billy tends to reflect away the heat waves of your fire, while a smoked or black surface absorbs nearly all the heat waves striking it. Hence a blackened billy will boil faster, other things being equal, than a bright and shining one. The solution is, in general, to clean only the inside of your billy and let the outside stay black, However, watch that you don't acquire a thick black coating of ash plus wood-tar, as this acts as an excellent insulator and often accounts for a billy which is very slow to boil.
-The same Glee Club (or rather a better one, because it was more sp,ohtaneous) was singing in Hyde Park, London. It was a warm, moonlight
- night, the centuries-old plane trees the foregraund for a deep-blue sky, flecked with white clouds and sprinkled with stars.
+=====Night Scene.=====
-A number of groups were singing nearby - some singing hot jazz, some jv st the end of a night after a couple of pots; but the largest and most earnest was a group singing in Welsh. A man of about 40 had a crumpled penny novelette to do duty as a baton to a choir of singers who had just come to raise their voices in song. These rich and earnest voices were singing the folk-songs of Wales - young girls, old men, soldiers and passersby. Some just came to watch and wonder - like myself!
-One soldier, about 251 6f4n tall, who had cap to one side and a radiant expression from the sheer joy of singing, stood in the open and
+"M. Bacon"
-sang and sang in his native tongue - a superb bass to go with his wide, deep
-chest. There was a glorious soprano, full and rich, singing again with an earnestness that was most real.
+"How Green Was My Valley" was a picture noted for many things. Not the least was the glorious choral singing which was used as a background almost throughout the picture.
-Now the conductor had them singing in four parts - now in unison -
-now with a solo and chorus. The harmony was amazing. The group swelled as solemn men and women opened their mouths and poured out song.
+The same Glee Club (or rather a better one, because it was more spontaneous) was singing in Hyde Park, London. It was a warm, moonlight night, the centuries-old plane trees the foreground for a deep-blue sky, flecked with white clouds and sprinkled with stars.
+A number of groups were singing nearby - some singing hot jazz, some just the end of a night after a couple of pots; but the largest and most earnest was a group singing in Welsh. A man of about 40 had a crumpled penny novelette to do duty as a baton to a choir of singers who had just come to raise their voices in song. These rich and earnest voices were singing the folk-songs of Wales - young girls, old men, soldiers and passersby. Some just came to watch and wonder - like myself!
+One soldier, about 25, 6'4" tall, who had cap to one side and a radiant expression from the sheer joy of singing, stood in the open and sang and sang in his native tongue - a superb bass to go with his wide, deep chest. There was a glorious soprano, full and rich, singing again with an earnestness that was most real.
+Now the conductor had them singing in four parts - now in unison - now with a solo and chorus. The harmony was amazing. The group swelled as solemn men and women opened their mouths and poured out song.
 Behind me, a tenor came up.
-I saw, right in the centre, almost overshadowed by the Conductor, a sailor lad, perhaps 17, singing with all his soul and with all the fervour of a fanatic, these songs in the Welsh tongue. Others saw him, and heads nodded mad eyes turned towards him to watch his enthusiasm. It was as if this lad was lonely in the great heart of London, and found full and deep friendship in this group reminding him so strongly of home.
-More songs/ Requests came from the people gathered round. Every heart was joining in, and nearly all were singing.
+I saw, right in the centre, almost overshadowed by the conductor, a sailor lad, perhaps 17, singing with all his soul and with all the fervour of a fanatic, these songs in the Welsh tongue. Others saw him, and heads nodded and eyes turned towards him to watch his enthusiasm. It was as if this lad was lonely in the great heart of London, and found full and deep friendship in this group reminding him so strongly of home.
-'On the edge there appeared a lean and obviously under-nourished
-lad, tiny neck and chin, face widening towards the temples, and crowned with a tangled, crinkly mass of gingerish hair, but - THE VOICE - a full, rich baritone, that would have done justice to a soloist in a symphony orchestra and full chorus - even for the solo in Beethoven's Ninth;
+More songs! Requests came from the people gathered round. Every heart was joining in, and nearly all were singing.
-aune Winsbury would like to hear from anyone interested in doing a trip to the Alps (Australian) leaving Sydney the week end Lt to 3rd March next. Ring B0531 extension 236.
-..11,
+On the edge there appeared a lean and obviously under-nourished lad, tiny neck and chin, face widening towards the temples, and crowned with a tangled, crinkly mass of gingerish hair, but - THE VOICE - a full, rich baritone, that would have done justice to a soloist in a symphony orchestra and full chorus - even for the solo in Beethoven's Ninth!
+----
+June Winsbury would like to hear from anyone interested in doing a trip to the Alps (Australian) leaving Sydney the week end 1st to 3rd March next. Ring B0531 extension 236.
+----
 NATIONAL PARKS AND RECREATION RES:77MS
 Extract from the Third Report to the Minister for Post-War Reconstruction of the Rural Reconstruction Commission.